Energy equation and stress–dilatancy relationship for sand
Energy equation and stress–dilatancy relationship for sand
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DOI：
10.1007/s11440-021-01389-1
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发表时间：
2021-11
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Ching S. Chang;Yibing Deng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ching S. Chang;Yibing Deng
能量方程是热力学第一定律或能量守恒定律的表达式。根据热力学第一定律，系统的外加功等于系统的耗散能和亥姆霍兹自由能之和。然而，现有的应力-剪胀关系大多基于Taylor-Cam Clay类型的能量方程，该方程假定所施加的塑性功仅等于摩擦耗散能。亥姆霍兹自由能被完全忽略了。最近，从声学实验中观察到，亥姆霍兹自由能可以由变形机制引起，而不是由粒子之间的摩擦引起。因此，有必要在能量方程中包括附加项，以便正确地模拟应力-剪胀行为。本文讨论了这一能量方程的平衡问题。并对实验结果进行了分析。给出了摩擦能和亥姆霍兹自由能的具体形式。用硅砂、渥太华砂和内华达砂的实验数据验证了所提出的能量方程。
The energy equation is an expression of the first law of thermodynamics or the law of conservation of energy. According to the first law of thermodynamics, the externally applied work to a system is equal to the sum of dissipation energy and Helmholtz free energy of the system. However, most of the currently available stress–dilatancy relationships are based on the energy equation of Taylor-Cam Clay type, which hypothesizes that the applied plastic work is equal solely to the frictional dissipation energy. The Helmholtz free energy has been completely neglected. Recently, observed from acoustic experiments, it has been recognized that Helmholtz free energy can be caused by deformation mechanisms other than friction between particles. Thus, it is necessary to include additional terms in the energy equation in order to correctly model the stress-dilatancy behavior. This paper addresses the issue regarding the balance of this energy equation. Analyses of experimental results are presented. Specific forms of the frictional energy and Helmholtz free energy are proposed. The proposed energy equation is verified with the experimental data obtained from Silica sand, Ottawa sand, and Nevada sand.