Conservation of hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae) requires complementary resources at the landscape and local scales
Conservation of hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae) requires complementary resources at the landscape and local scales
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食蚜蝇（双翅目、食蚜蝇科）的保护需要景观和当地规模的互补资源
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
A. Jacquemart
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Moquet;Estelle Laurent;R. Bacchetta;A. Jacquemart
越来越多的证据表明，景观破碎化导致了世界范围内传粉昆虫种群的减少，特别是鳞翅目和膜翅目的传粉昆虫。然而，景观破碎化对食蚜蝇（双翅目，食蚜蝇科）群落的影响知之甚少。食蚜蝇提供各种生态系统服务：幼虫有助于废物分解（腐食性物种）和害虫控制（食蚜性物种），成虫为各种花卉授粉。为了确定幼虫和成人的资源的多样性和数量如何影响在三个空间尺度上的食蚜蝇丰度和物种丰富度，我们记录了昆虫游客的五个目标植物物种在比利时石南荒原，栖息地已大大减少，由于人类活动。在两种植物物种上，食蚜蝇是最丰富的访客，在其他目标植物物种上，食蚜蝇是第二丰富的访客（仅次于熊蜂）。观察到的大部分食蚜蝇是与针叶林和落叶林有关的食蚜物种。资源的幼虫和花卉资源的成年人之间的相互作用影响hoverflies和植物，但在不同的尺度上采取行动：幼虫栖息地的可用性（距离幼虫栖息地）是相关的景观尺度，而成人资源的可用性（花卉密度）是相关的情节规模。飞蝇的丰度和物种丰富度随着距离幼虫栖息地，但增加与花卉密度。此外，不同生态特征对景观结构和组成的影响也不同。景观组成的影响蚜虫，但不腐食蚜蝇，在其丰度和物种丰富度随距离森林。维持植物和他们的hoverfly游客之间的相互作用需要在景观和当地规模的互补资源。
Accumulating evidence shows that landscape fragmentation drives the observed worldwide decline in populations of pollinators, particularly in species of Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. However, Little is known about the effects of landscape fragmentation on hoverfly (Diptera, Syrphidae) communities. Hoverflies provide varied ecosystem services: larvae contribute to waste decomposition (saprophagous species) and pest control (aphidophagous species), and adults pollinate a wide range of flowers. To determine how the diversity and quantity of resources for larvae and adults affect hoverfly abundance and species richness at three spatial scales, we recorded insect visitors of five target plant species in Belgian heathlands, habitats that have decreased considerably due to human activities. Hoverflies represented the most abundant visitors on two plant species, and the second most abundant visitors (after bumblebees) on the other target plant species. A large proportion of hoverflies observed were aphidophagous species associated with coniferous and deciduous forests. Resources for the larvae and floral resources for the adults influenced interactions among hoverflies and plants, but acted at different scales: larval habitat availability (distance to larval habitat) was relevant at the landscape scale, whereas adult resource availability (floral density) was relevant at the plot scale. Hoverfly abundance and species richness decreased with distance to larval habitat but increased with floral density. Moreover, landscape structure and composition had different effects according to hoverfly ecological traits. Landscape composition influenced aphidophagous but not saprophagous hoverflies, in that their abundance and species richness decreased with distance to forests. Maintenance of the interactions between plants and their hoverfly visitors requires complementary resources at both landscape and local scales.