A COMPARATIVE APPROACH TO VOCAL LEARNING - SONG DEVELOPMENT IN WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS
A COMPARATIVE APPROACH TO VOCAL LEARNING - SONG DEVELOPMENT IN WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS
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DOI：
10.1037/h0029144
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发表时间：
1970-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
MARLER, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
MARLER, P
与非人灵长类动物和其他一些用于调节发声行为的物种不同，某些鸣禽在野生状态下表现出相当容易模仿发声的能力。雄性白冠麻雀叫声的特定物种特征通常是通过向成年麻雀学习获得的。地方歌曲方言的结果。在单独或群体隔离中长大的雄性会出现异常的歌声。在10-50天的关键时期内接触正常的歌曲，会导致正常的歌曲发育和特定训练方言的复制。在50-100天的日龄期间，接触正常的歌曲会使随后的歌曲发展朝着正常的方向发展，但训练歌曲的细节没有被复制。10日龄前和100日龄后暴露均无影响。歌唱学习是有选择性的，因为10-50天龄的其他物种的歌声对歌唱发展没有影响。这种选择性似乎是由感觉限制而不是运动限制造成的。为了解释歌曲的发展，假设了一个听觉模板。在关键期开始时，模板只是正常歌曲的粗略说明，但足以排除其他物种的歌曲。在训练中，模板的规格变得更加精确。随后通过听觉反馈将发声与模板匹配。似乎没有必要进行外部强化。在白冠麻雀的歌曲学习和儿童的语言发展之间有几个类比。(参考文献65)
Unlike nonhuman primates and some other species used in attempts to condition vocal behavior, certain song birds display considerable facility at vocal imitation in the wild state. Species-specific characteristics of the song of the male white-crowned sparrow are normally acquired by learning from adults. Local song dialects result. Males raised in individual or group isolation developed abnormal songs. Exposure to normal song during a critical period of 10-50 days of age resulted in normal song development and in reproduction of the particular training dialect. Exposure to normal song during the 50-100 day age period shifted subsequent song development in a normal direction, but details of the training song were not reproduced. Exposure before 10 days and after 100 days of age had no effect. Song learning is selective in that exposure to songs of other species of 10-50 days of age had no effect on song development. Sensory rather than motor constraints appear to be responsible for the selectivity. To explain song development, an auditory template is postulated. At the start of the critical period the template is only a crude specification of normal song, but sufficient to exclude songs of other species. In training the specifications of the template become more precise. Vocalizations are matched to the template subsequently by auditory feedback. No extrinsic reinforcement seems to be necessary. Several analogies are drawn between song learning in white-crowned sparrows and speech development in children.(65 ref.)(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)