Christian Horrebow’s Sunspot Observations – II. Construction of a Record of Sunspot Positions
Christian Horrebow’s Sunspot Observations – II. Construction of a Record of Sunspot Positions
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DOI：
10.1007/s11207-019-1466-y
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发表时间：
2019-06
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
C. Karoff;Carsten Sønderskov;Jørgensen;V. S. Pavai;R. Arlt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Karoff;Carsten Sønderskov;Jørgensen;V. S. Pavai;R. Arlt
太阳表面黑子的数量是我们所拥有的太阳变化的最佳示踪剂之一。太阳黑子数量不仅与11年太阳活动周期同相变化，而且在更长的时间尺度上也显示出变化。然而，不仅仅是太阳黑子的数量随着太阳的变化而变化。太阳表面黑子的位置也会随着11年的太阳活动周期而变化。这在传统上被可视化在所谓的蝴蝶图中，但这只是从世纪开始才受到很好的限制。这是不幸的，因为蝴蝶图的知识可以帮助我们理解的变化和太阳-地球连接。作为一个更大的审查工作所做的太阳黑子的丹麦天文学家克里斯蒂安Horrebow的一部分，我们在这里提出了一个重新分析克里斯蒂安Horrebow的笔记本电脑涵盖了1761年和1764年至1777年。这些笔记本已经分析了至少三个早期的研究Thiele（Astron. Nachr.50，257，1859），d 'Arrest（发表在沃尔夫，Astron.米特。Eidgenoss. Sternwarte Zür.4，77，1873）以及Hoyt和Schatten（Solar Phys.160，387，1995）。在这篇文章中，我们建立了一个完整的太阳黑子位置记录，涵盖了1761年和1764 - 1777年。由此产生的蝴蝶图显示了从19和20世纪的观测中已知的特征结构。在第一周期的观测中，我们确实看到了一些赤道太阳黑子的迹象。然而，在覆盖面好得多的第二周期，我们没有看到这种迹象。
The number of spots on the surface of the Sun is one of the best tracers of solar variability we have. The sunspot number is not only known to change in phase with the 11-year solar cycles, but also to show variability on longer time scales. It is, however, not only the sunspot number that changes in connection with solar variability. The location of the spots on the solar surface is also known to change in phase with the 11-year solar cycle. This has traditionally been visualised in the so-called butterfly diagram, but this is only well constrained from the beginning of the 19th century. This is unfortunate, as knowledge about the butterfly diagram could aid our understanding of the variability and the Sun–Earth connection.As part of a larger review of the work done on sunspots by the Danish astronomer Christian Horrebow, we here present a reanalysis of Christian Horrebow’s notebooks covering the years 1761 and 1764 – 1777. These notebooks have been analysed in at least three earlier studies by Thiele (Astron. Nachr.50, 257, 1859), d’Arrest (published in Wolf,Astron. Mitt. Eidgenöss. Sternwarte Zür.4, 77, 1873) and Hoyt and Schatten (Solar Phys.160, 387, 1995). In this article, we construct a complete record of sunspot positions covering the years 1761 and 1764 – 1777. The resulting butterfly diagram shows the characteristic structure known from observations in the 19th and 20th century. We do see some indications of equatorial sunspots in the observations we have from Cycle 1. However, in Cycle 2, which has much better coverage, we do not see such indications.