Travel-to-Crime: Homing in on the Victim
Travel-to-Crime: Homing in on the Victim
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犯罪之旅：追踪受害者
DOI：
10.1177/026975800701400301
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
N. Tilley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sarah Hodgkinsoi;N. Tilley
环境犯罪学关注的是犯罪人与被害人在时间和地点上的交集。犯罪模式一般是根据罪犯的日常活动来解释的。他或她去犯罪的距离很短，犯罪是在罪犯的“意识空间”内进行的。一般的理论认为，受害者犯罪的过程也很短，这与他们的日常行为有关。然而，这项研究表明，人们远离熟悉环境的“无意识空间”可能会增加风险。这在犯罪和旅游的特殊案例研究中得到了支持，尽管其他旅行受害者的模式在很大程度上被忽视了。假设犯罪风险在罪犯意识空间与受害者意识空间的交叉处增加。2002 - 2003年英国犯罪调查对此提供了一些暗示性的证据。其分析显示，26.9%的自我报告的受害发生在距离受害者家超过15分钟路程的地方。在个人盗窃犯罪中，超过70%的受害者不在其居住地，这表明受害者的流动性与某些类型的犯罪之间存在更强的联系。这一发现是根据文献审查和一些影响犯罪预防被认为是讨论。
Environmental criminology focuses on the intersection in time and place of the offender and victim. Patterns of crime are generally explained in terms of the routine activities of the offender. His or her travel to crime distances are short and crimes are committed within the offender's ‘awareness space’. It has generally been theorised that victims also have short journeys to crime, associated with their routine behaviour. This review, however, suggests that occupancy of ‘unawareness space’, where people are away from familiar surroundings, may confer heightened risk. This is supported in research in the special case of crime and tourism, though other travelling victim patterns have been largely ignored. This paper postulates that crime risk increases at the intersection of offender awareness and victim unawareness spaces. The 2002–3 British Crime Survey provides some suggestive evidence on this. Its analysis reveals that 26.9% of self-reported victimisation occurs more than 15 minutes away from the victim's home. For personal theft crimes over 70% of the victims were outside their immediate locality, suggesting a stronger link between victim mobility and certain types of offence. This finding is discussed in light of the literature reviewed and some implications for crime prevention are considered.