TRANSFER OF PENICILLIN RESISTANCE IN PNEUMOCOCCI BY THE DESOXYRIBONUCLEATE DERIVED FROM RESISTANT CULTURES
TRANSFER OF PENICILLIN RESISTANCE IN PNEUMOCOCCI BY THE DESOXYRIBONUCLEATE DERIVED FROM RESISTANT CULTURES
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DOI：
10.1101/sqb.1951.016.01.032
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发表时间：
1951-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
HOTCHKISS, RD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HOTCHKISS, RD
对青霉素的耐药性，就像特异性荚膜的产生一样，可以在不具有这种特性的肺炎球菌中通过转化过程诱导产生。从青霉素高度耐药的肺炎球菌中以大分子形式提取的脱氧核糖核酸，在生长的敏感培养物中，使1-2%的细胞产生耐药性，其数量是自发突变形成的细胞的10，000倍。这种转化不需要青霉素或抗菌凝集素。转化细胞在2 ~ 3小时突然产生抗性。治疗后使用相同的脱氧核糖核酸酶，在连续的处理周期中可以达到越来越高的抗性水平。来自高抗性菌株，抗性的每个转化步骤与供体菌株先前经历的自发突变到抗性的相应步骤平行。适当的敏感生物的青霉素裂解物也可以转化抗性细胞，如荚膜类型或链霉素抗性。这种性质的转移可以通过混合培养物的部分裂解来完成，如果它发生在自然界中，将具有进化意义。裂解物和纯化的核的所有转化活性都被脱氧核糖核酸酶的作用破坏。当两种性质（例如胶囊合成和青霉素或链霉素耐药性）通过试剂从单个双重标记的供体菌株转移时，单个细菌通常一次仅在这些性质之一方面发生转化。
Resistance to penicillin, like specific capsule production, can be induced in pneumococci not having this property, through the process of transformation. Desoxyribonucleate extracted in macromolecular form from highly penicillin resistant pneumococci confers resistance upon 1-2% of the cells in a growing sensitive culture[long dash]10,000 times as many as are formed by spontaneous mutation. This transformation does not require penicillin or antibacterial agglutinins. The transformed cells abruptly become resistant about 2 to 3 hrs. after treatment. Higher and higher levels of resistance can be reached in successive treatment cycles using the same desoxyribonucleate prepn. coming from a highly resistant strain, each transformation step in resistance paralleling corresponding steps in spontaneous mutation to resistance previously undergone by the donor strain. Penicillin lysates of appropriate sensitive organisms also can transform resistant cells with respect to such properties as capsular type or streptomycin resistance. This transfer of properties can be done by partial lysis of mixed cultures, and if it occurs in nature would have evolutionary significance. All of the transforming activities of the lysates and of the purified nucleates are destroyed by the action of desoxyribonuclease. When two properties, such as capsule synthesis and either penicillin or streptomycin resistance are being transferred by the agent from a single doubly marked donor strain, individual bacteria are in general transformed only with respect to one of these properties at a time.