Sleep spindles in humans: insights from intracranial EEG and unit recordings.
Sleep spindles in humans: insights from intracranial EEG and unit recordings.
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2604-11.2011
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发表时间：
2011-12-07
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Fried I
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文献类型：
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作者：
Andrillon T;Nir Y;Staba RJ;Ferrarelli F;Cirelli C;Tononi G;Fried I
睡眠纺锤体是非快速眼动(NREM)睡眠的脑电(EEG)特征，被认为调节了许多与睡眠相关的功能，从记忆巩固到皮质发育。纺锤体的位置、频率和与慢波的联系不同，但这种异质性是否反映了不同的生理过程，并可能发挥不同的功能作用尚不清楚。在这里，我们利用了一个独特的机会来记录神经外科患者多个脑区的颅内深度、脑电和单位活动，以更好地描述人类睡眠中的纺锤活动。我们发现纺锤体出现在多个新皮质区域，在海马旁回和海马区也较少出现。大多数纺锤波在空间上局限于特定的大脑区域。此外，纺锤波的频率在地形图上是有组织的，在辅助运动区周围，快速(13-15赫兹)中央顶部纺锤波通常出现在慢波向上状态，而慢速(9-12赫兹)额部纺锤波平均出现在200ms之后。不同区域的纺锤波变化可能反映了潜在的丘脑皮质投射。我们还发现，在单个纺锤体中，区域内和区域之间的频率降低。此外，深度睡眠与纺锤波的出现和纺锤波频率的减少有关。不同区域、不同纺锤体和不同睡眠的频率变化可能反映了相同的现象，即丘脑皮质超极化的潜在水平。最后，在纺锤波期间，神经元的放电率不是一直被调节的，尽管一些神经元表现出锁相放电。总体而言，解剖学方面的考虑可以很好地解释局部纺锤体的特征，而可变的超极化水平可以解释纺锤体频率的差异。
Sleep spindles are an electroencephalographic (EEG) hallmark of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and are believed to mediate many sleep-related functions, from memory consolidation to cortical development. Spindles differ in location, frequency, and association with slow waves, but whether this heterogeneity may reflect different physiological processes and potentially serve different functional roles remains unclear. Here we utilized a unique opportunity to record intracranial depth EEG and single-unit activity in multiple brain regions of neurosurgical patients to better characterize spindle activity in human sleep. We find that spindles occur across multiple neocortical regions, and less frequently also in the parahippocampal gyrus and hippocampus. Most spindles are spatially restricted to specific brain regions. In addition, spindle frequency is topographically organized with a sharp transition around the supplementary motor area between fast (13-15Hz) centroparietal spindles often occurring with slow wave up-states, and slow (9-12Hz) frontal spindles occurring 200ms later on average. Spindle variability across regions may reflect the underlying thalamocortical projections. We also find that during individual spindles, frequency decreases within and between regions. In addition, deeper sleep is associated with a reduction in spindle occurrence and spindle frequency. Frequency changes between regions, during individual spindles, and across sleep may reflect the same phenomenon, the underlying level of thalamocortical hyperpolarization. Finally, during spindles neuronal firing rates are not consistently modulated, although some neurons exhibit phase-locked discharges. Overall, anatomical considerations can account well for regional spindle characteristics, while variable hyperpolarization levels can explain differences in spindle frequency.