Thermal properties and detectability of neutron stars. II. Thermal evolution of rotation-powered neutron stars
Thermal properties and detectability of neutron stars. II. Thermal evolution of rotation-powered neutron stars
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DOI：
10.1016/s0370-1573(97)00041-0
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Tsuruta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Tsuruta
在简要介绍之后，我们将介绍近十年来在中子星热演化及相关问题方面所开展的最新工作的进展报告。讨论了近年来应用的各种改进的效果。其中最重要的可能是磁场和恒星大气的影响。当用二维方法实际处理这个问题时，磁中子星似乎会在更长的时间内保持温暖，因为切向热流从绝缘程度更高的赤道区域流向热量更有效地逃逸的极地区域。讨论了这一发现对观测数据的解释可能产生的严重影响。当我们正确解释观测到的温度数据时，恒星大气的成分可能是一个重要因素。当前的理论和观测考虑可能支持“百思买模型”，其中一些质量接近1.4M⊙的中子星拥有一个中心核心，其中一个“非标准”加速冷却机制在超流体粒子存在的显着抑制的影响下正在运行。另一方面，一些质量较小的恒星在标准情况下仍然可以冷却。其他一些需要审查的有趣问题包括：各种“非标准”冷却方案的最新工作；由于电导率和光子通量的各向异性性质，磁化中子星预计会产生脉冲辐射；各种加热机制和星周电子正电子对的影响的可能重要性；非常年轻的超新星遗迹中婴儿中子星的可探测性；以及粒子物理学和宇宙学的一些应用。所涵盖的主题并不意味着完整，但重点放在与最近和未来脉冲星观测相关的潜在有趣问题上。
After a brief introduction we present a progress report on the recent works carried out during the last ten years or so, on the thermal evolution of neutron stars and related problems. The effects of various improvements applied in recent years are discussed. Among these the most important may be the effects of magnetic fields and stellar atmospheres. When the problem is treated realistically with the two-dimensional method a magnetic neutron star appears to be kept warmer for a longer period, due to the tangential heat flow from the more insulated equatorial regions to the polar areas where heat escapes more efficiently. Possibly serious implications of this finding in relation to the interpretation of the observational data are discussed. The composition of the stellar atmosphere may be an important factor when we are to correctly interpret the observed temperature data. The current theoretical and observational considerations may support a ‘best buy model’, where some neutron stars with mass close to 1.4M⊙possess a central core in which a ‘non-standard’ accelerating cooling mechanism, under the influence of significant suppression due to the presence of superfluid particles, is in operation. On the other hand, some less massive stars can still cool with the standard scenario. Some other interesting problems to be reviewed include: the most recent work on various ‘non-standard’ cooling scenarios; the pulsed radiation to be expected from magnetized neutron stars due to the anisotropic nature of conductivity and photon fluxes; the possible importance of the effects of various heating mechanisms and circumstellar electron positron pairs; the detectability of infant neutron stars in very young supernova remnants; and some applications to particle physics and cosmology. The topics to be covered are not meant to be complete, but the emphasis is placed on potentially interesting problems in relation to the recent and future observations of pulsars.