Sensory regulation of wing twisting in locusts.
Sensory regulation of wing twisting in locusts.
复制标题
蝗虫翅膀扭曲的感觉调节。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1966
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
E. Gettrup
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Gettrup
1.翅上的钟状感器是调节蝗虫扭翅所必需的。控制前翅扭转期间的恒定升降机取决于后翅感器是完整的，而前翅感器是必不可少的稳定性的三个机构的轴。2.钟状感器位于翅的腹面。两组存在于前翅的亚肋上，一组存在于后翅的亚肋上。在肋骨上有少量的单感器。前翅远、近端群感器的表皮部分在卵状表皮部分的长度上存在差异。感器的方向与圆顶平行的长轴的翅膀，除了近端前翅组，这是安排在一个风扇。3.在稳定状态下的飞行活动从钟状单位是高在下冲程和低在第一部分的上冲程。当身体角度改变时，反应发生显著变化。4.描述了身体角度改变15°对基底肌和下肌的运动输出的影响。在飞行开始时，这些运动模式是相当不稳定的，单位下降和下降。在10秒内获得稳定性。5.来自后翅钟状单位的反应的一个独特部分可以通过阳极阻断的应用而被消除。阻塞脉冲的持续时间等于飞行周期的六分之一。调节前翅扭转的效果不同，根据被删除的部分的反应。在后翼下冲程的第一部分引入阳极阻断时，调节几乎可以完全取消。当阳极块被移除时，扭转调节再次建立，并在100-150次翅拍内完成。6.自由飞行，包括完整的和deafferentated动物的稳定性反应中的不同群体的重要性进行了评估。结果表明，角运动的控制是由前翅组，特别是近端的。7.在翼胸神经节的整合过程进行了讨论。在恒定升力反应期间，控制前翅扭转的缓慢的节间反射似乎依赖于对总升力测量的中央处理和记忆。来自后翅的感觉输入是阶段性的和模式化的，但仍然不能确定是阶段还是模式是基本参数。
1. The campaniform sensilla of the wings are necessary for the regulation of wing twisting in locusts. Control of forewing twisting during periods of constant lift depends upon the hind-wing sensilla being intact, whereas the forewing sensilla are essential for stability about the three body axes. 2. The campaniform sensilla are located on the ventral surface of the wings. Two groups are present on the subcosta of the forewing and one on the subcosta of the hind-wing. A few single sensilla occur on the costa. The cuticular parts of sensilla from distal and proximal forewing groups differ with respect to the lengths of their ovally shaped cuticular parts. The sensilla are orientated with the cupolas parallel to the long axis of the wing, except for those of the proximal forewing group, which are arranged in a fan. 3. During steady-state flights activity from campaniform units was high during the downstroke and low during the first part of the upstroke. Significant changes in the response were found to occur when the body angle was changed. 4. The effect of a 15° change in body angle on the motor output to the basalar and subalar muscles is described. At the start of a flight these motor patterns are rather unstable, units falling in and out. Stability is gained within 10 sec. 5. A distinct part of the response from the campaniform units in the hindwings can be abolished by the application of an anodic block. The duration of the blocking pulse equalled one-sixth of the flight period. The effect on regulation of forewing twisting varied according to the part of the response which is removed. Regulation could be abolished almost completely when the anodic block was introduced during the first part of the hindwing downstroke. When the anodic block is removed, twist regulation builds up again and is completed within 100-150 wing-beats. 6. Free flights including both intact and deafferentated animals made possible an evaluation of the importance of the different groups in stability reactions. It was shown that control of angular movement is accomplished by the forewing groups only, especially the proximal ones. 7. The integrative processes within the pterothoracic ganglia are discussed. During the constant-lift reaction, the slow, intersegmental reflex for control of forewing twisting seems to depend on central processing and memorizing of measurements of total lift. The sensory input from the hindwings is phasic and patterned, but it is still undecided whether it is the phase or the pattern which is the essential parameter.