The metabolism of inorganic arsenic oxides, gallium arsenide, and arsine: a toxicochemical review
The metabolism of inorganic arsenic oxides, gallium arsenide, and arsine: a toxicochemical review
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.taap.2003.07.009
复制
发表时间：
2003-12-15
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Gandolfi, AJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carter, DE;Aposhian, HV;Gandolfi, AJ
本综述的目的是比较代谢，化学和生物学效应，以确定是否任何工业砷（砷化氢和砷化镓）的行为像环境砷氧化物（亚砷酸盐和砷酸盐）。砷氧化物的代谢在过去4年中已被广泛研究，氧化态+III与+V以及添加一个或两个甲基的砷代谢物之间的差异已显示出越来越重要的意义。氧化砷的代谢与砷化氢（氧化态-III）和砷化物（氧化态0-III）进行了比较。不同的代谢产物似乎具有不同的反应强度，用于将砷（111）结合到巯基，它们的氧化还原反应和它们形成砷-碳键。目前还不清楚，如果参数的差异，如甲基代谢的存在或不存在，AsV的还原率相比，AsIII的氧化率，或磷酸盐和砷酸盐的细胞摄取的竞争是足够大，以改变生物效应。砷化氢的分解率，代谢产物，毒性作用的靶器官，和蛋白质结合似乎支持氧化砷代谢产物。这种砷化氢的代谢物与砷氧化物产生的任何物质都非常不同。砷化镓的溶解度比任何其他砷化合物都低，而且它对肺的损害强度不成比例，这表明砷化镓有一个接触相互作用的部位，氧化反应在其毒性中很重要。砷暴露后尿中代谢产物与砷氧化物排出的代谢产物相同，但引起砷毒性作用的化合物与砷氧化物不同。审查的结论是，没有足够的证据来等同不同的砷化合物。砷化合物的毒性有几个不同之处，需要大量的研究。(C)2003年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
The aim of this review is to compare the metabolism, chemistry, and biological effects to determine if either of the industrial arsenicals (arsine and gallium arsenide) act like the environmental arsenic oxides (arsenite and arsenate). The metabolism of the arsenic oxides has been extensively investigated in the past 4 years and the differences between the arsenic metabolites in the oxidation states +III versus +V and with one or two methyl groups added have shown increased importance. The arsenic oxide metabolism has been compared with arsine (oxidation state -III) and arsenide (oxidation state between 0 to -III). The different metabolites appear to have different strengths of reaction for binding aresenic (111) to thiol groups, their oxidation-reduction reactions and their forming an arsenic-carbon bond. It is unclear if the differences in parameters such as the presence or absence of methyl metabolities, the rates of AsV reduction compared to the rates of AsIII oxidation, or the competition of phosphate and arsenate for cellular uptake are large enough to change biological effects. The arsine rate of decomposition, products of metabolism, target organ of toxic action, and protein binding appeared to support an oxidized arsenic metabolite. This arsine metabolite was very different from anything made by the arsenic oxides. The gallium arsenide had a lower solubility than any other arsenic compound and it had a disproportionate intensity of lung damage to suggest that the GaAs had a site of contact interaction and that oxidation reactions were important in its toxicity. The urinary metabolites after GaAs exposure were the same as excreted by arsenic oxides but the chemical compounds responsible for the toxic effects of GaAs are different from the aresnic oxides. The review concludes that there is insufficient evidence to equate the different arsenic compounds. There are several differences in the toxicity of the arsenic compounds that will require substantial research. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.