Priority and Desert

Priority and Desert
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优先权和沙漠

DOI:
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
1
通讯作者:
Matthew Rendall
Matthew Rendall
中科院分区:
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文献类型:
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作者:
Matthew Rendall

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迈克尔·大冢 (Michael Otsuka)、亚历克斯·沃霍夫 (Alex Voorhoeve) 和马克·弗勒巴伊 (Marc Fleurbaey) 对优先观点提出了挑战,转而支持基于相互竞争的主张的理论。本文展示了如何使用他们的论点来重塑优先级观点。分配正义中的所有应得主张都是比较性的。一方对某一特定利益的主张越强烈,她获得该利益的价值就越大。在其他条件不变的情况下,境况较差的人对福利的要求更强,而且福利对他们来说更重要。这可以解释最初看起来平等主义的直觉,正如对拉里·特姆金(Larry Temkin)的一个例子的分析所示。正确理解的优先观点是在没有其他主张相关的假设下的应得调整功利主义。
Michael Otsuka, Alex Voorhoeve and Marc Fleurbaey have challenged the priority view in favour of a theory based on competing claims. The present paper shows how their argument can be used to recast the priority view. All desert claims in distributive justice are comparative. The stronger a party’s claims to a given benefit, the greater is the value of her receiving it. Ceteris paribus, the worse-off have stronger claims on welfare, and benefits to them matter more. This can account for intuitions that at first appear egalitarian, as the analysis of an example of Larry Temkin’s shows. The priority view, properly understood, is desert-adjusted utilitarianism under the assumption that no other claims pertain.