Biochemical and physiological aspects of brown blotch disease of Agaricus bisporus.
Biochemical and physiological aspects of brown blotch disease of Agaricus bisporus.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1574-6976.1999.tb00415.x
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发表时间：
1999-10
影响因子：
11.3
通讯作者：
C. Soler‐Rivas;S. Jolivet;N. Arpin;J. Olivier;H. Wichers
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Soler‐Rivas;S. Jolivet;N. Arpin;J. Olivier;H. Wichers
托拉假单胞菌是栽培双孢菇(Agaricus Bisporus)的堆肥床特有的细菌。在一些环境条件尚不确定的情况下，但受温度和相对湿度的影响，该细菌可致病并引发褐斑病。本文介绍了托拉西菌与双孢霉菌的相互作用，导致蘑菇帽上出现褐斑，这是该病的典型症状。首先，对托拉西氏假单胞菌进行了研究，解释了致病性的变化，列举了引起损害的化合物以及鉴定该细菌致病形态的各种实验方法。其次，简要介绍了双孢霉菌帽在感染时形成棕色的机理，包括催化反应的酶、其机理、底物和反应产物。然后，从毒素的化学吸引、固定、分泌、膜破裂、毒素对蘑菇多酚氧化酶的影响以及对变色反应的影响开始，逐步详细地描述了该菌的感染过程。一种可能的感染机制是在分子水平上假设的。最后，讨论了到目前为止所测试的控制该疾病的策略。
Pseudomonas tolaasii is a bacterium endemic to the compost beds where common mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is cultivated. Under some environmental conditions still not well-determined, but influenced by temperature and relative humidity, the bacterium can become pathogenic and provoke the brown blotch disease. This review describes the interaction between P. tolaasii and A. bisporus that results in the appearance of brown spots on the mushroom caps, typical symptoms of the disease. Firstly, P. tolaasii is studied, the changes in pathogenicity are explained, the compounds that provoke the damage are enumerated as well as various experimental methods to identify the pathogenic form of the bacteria. Secondly, mechanisms involved in the formation of the brown colour on the A. bisporus caps upon infection are briefly mentioned, taking into account the enzymes that catalyse the reaction, their mechanism, substrates and reaction products. Afterwards, a detailed description of the infection process is presented step by step, starting by the chemotactical attraction, fixation, secretion of the toxins, membrane breakdown, effect of the toxin on mushroom polyphenol oxidases and on the discolouration reaction. A possible mechanism of infection is hypothesised at the molecular level. Finally, the strategies tested until now to control the disease are discussed.