Dispersal of Camellia japonica seeds by Apodemus speciosus revealed by maternity analysis of plants and behavioral observation of animal vectors
Dispersal of Camellia japonica seeds by Apodemus speciosus revealed by maternity analysis of plants and behavioral observation of animal vectors
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DOI：
10.1007/s11284-006-0179-5
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发表时间：
2006-09-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Hasegawa, Masami
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abe, Harue;Matsuki, Rikyu;Hasegawa, Masami
种子传播决定了植物的繁殖成功、分布范围的扩大和种群遗传结构。日本山茶是日本常见的万年青乔木，近年来一直是种群结构遗传研究的主题，但其种子传播方式一直被认为是barochory，没有详细的研究。本文对该菌的形态和生理特性进行了研究。然而，大而有营养的粳稻种子表明是动物传播的。比较了母树与幼苗之间的实际距离和仅由重力扩散引起的距离，以检验C.日本。通过实验确定了运送种子的动物。我们还研究了在何种程度上种子传播的影响，动物载体的行为。通过拍摄动物的照片证实了Apodemus speciosus的种子传播，这些动物正在消耗实验性地沉积在地面上的种子。啮齿类动物在枯枝落叶层或土壤下囤积的山茶花种子受到保护，不会干燥。利用微卫星标记技术对28株实生苗的母树进行了鉴定。母体分析表明，从母树的平均种子传播距离为5.8 m +/- 6.0 SD，距离大于初始传播仅重力。这些结果表明C. japonica是一种由A.美丽的50%的种子传播发生在成熟的万年青林到矮竹灌丛。这种定向的种子传播将有助于C.日本。家域大小的A. speciosus最多为0.85公顷，覆盖着从万年青森林到草地的不同植被类型。这种低特异性的微生境使用可能会提高种子传播到不同类型的植被。
Seed dispersal determines a plant's reproductive success, range expansion, and population genetic structures. Camellia japonica, a common evergreen tree in Japan, has been the subject of recent genetic studies of population structure, but its mode of seed dispersal has been assumed, without detailed study, to be barochory. The morphological and physiological features of C. japonica seeds, which are large and nutritious, suggest zoochorous dispersal, however. We compared actual distances between mother trees and seedlings with distances attributable to gravity dispersion only, to test the zoochory hypothesis of C. japonica. The animals that transport the seeds for caching were identified experimentally. We also examined the extent to which seed dispersal is affected by the behavior of animal vectors. Seed dispersal by Apodemus speciosus was confirmed by taking photographs of animals that were consuming seeds experimentally deposited on the ground. Camellia seeds hoarded by the rodents under the litter or soil were protected from drying. On the basis of microsatellite analysis of maternal tissue from the seed coat, the mother trees of 28 seedlings were identified. Maternity analysis revealed the average seed-dispersal distance from mother trees was 5.8 m +/- 6.0 SD, a distance greater than initial dispersal by gravity alone. These results indicate that C. japonica is a zoochorous species dispersed by A. speciosus. Fifty percent of the seed dispersal occurred from mature evergreen forests to dwarf bamboo thickets. This directional seed dispersal would contribute to range expansion of C. japonica. Home range sizes of A. speciosus were 0.85 ha at most and covered with different types of vegetation, from evergreen forests to grassland. This low specificity of their microhabitat use might enhance seed dispersal to different types of vegetation.