The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Search for Signals from New Physics
The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Search for Signals from New Physics
复制标题
DOI：
10.3847/2041-8213/acdc91
复制
发表时间：
2023-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Afzal;G. Agazie;A. Anumarlapudi;A. Archibald;Z. Arzoumanian;P. Baker;B. B'ecsy;J. Blanco-Pillado;L. Blecha;K. Boddy;A. Brazier;P. Brook;S. Burke-Spolaor;R. Burnette;R. Case;M. Charisi;S. Chatterjee;K. Chatziioannou;B. Cheeseboro;Siyuan Chen;T. Cohen;J. Cordes;N. Cornish;F. Crawford;H. Cromartie;K. Crowter;C. Cutler;M. DeCesar;D. DeGan;P. Demorest;Heling Deng;T. Dolch;B. Drachler;R. V. Eckardstein;E. Ferrara;W. Fiore;E. Fonseca;G. Freedman;N. Garver-Daniels;P. Gentile;K. A. Gersbach;J. Glaser;D. Good;Lydia Guertin;K. Gultekin;J. Hazboun;S. Hourihane;K. Islo;R. Jennings;A. Johnson;Megan L. Jones;A. Kaiser;D. Kaplan;L. Kelley;M. Kerr;J. Key;N. Laal;M. Lam;W. Lamb;T. Lazio;Vincent S. H. Lee;N. Lewandowska;Rafael R. Lino dos Santos;T. Littenberg;Tianyu Liu;D. Lorimer;Jing Luo;R. Lynch;Chung-Pei Ma;D. Madison;A. McEwen;J. McKee;M. Mclaughlin;N. McMann;B. W. Meyers;P. Meyers;C. Mingarelli;A. Mitridate;J. Nay;P. Natarajan;C. Ng;D. Nice;S. Ocker;K. Olum;T. Pennucci;B. Perera;P. Petrov;N. Pol;H. Radovan;S. Ransom;P. Ray;J. Romano;S. C. Sardesai;A. Schmiedekamp;C. Schmiedekamp;K. Schmitz;T. Schroder;L. Schult;B. Shapiro-Albert;X. Siemens;J. Simon;M. Siwek;I. Stairs;D. Stinebring;K. Stovall;Peter Stratmann;Jerry P. Sun;A. Susobhanan;J. Swiggum;Jacob M. Taylor;S. Taylor;T. Trickle;J. E. Turner;C. Unal;M. Vallisneri;Sonali Verma;S. Vigeland;H. Wahl;Qiaohong Wang;C. Witt;Davis Wright;O. Young;K. Zurek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Afzal;G. Agazie;A. Anumarlapudi;A. Archibald;Z. Arzoumanian;P. Baker;B. B'ecsy;J. Blanco-Pillado;L. Blecha;K. Boddy;A. Brazier;P. Brook;S. Burke-Spolaor;R. Burnette;R. Case;M. Charisi;S. Chatterjee;K. Chatziioannou;B. Cheeseboro;Siyuan Chen;T. Cohen;J. Cordes;N. Cornish;F. Crawford;H. Cromartie;K. Crowter;C. Cutler;M. DeCesar;D. DeGan;P. Demorest;Heling Deng;T. Dolch;B. Drachler;R. V. Eckardstein;E. Ferrara;W. Fiore;E. Fonseca;G. Freedman;N. Garver-Daniels;P. Gentile;K. A. Gersbach;J. Glaser;D. Good;Lydia Guertin;K. Gultekin;J. Hazboun;S. Hourihane;K. Islo;R. Jennings;A. Johnson;Megan L. Jones;A. Kaiser;D. Kaplan;L. Kelley;M. Kerr;J. Key;N. Laal;M. Lam;W. Lamb;T. Lazio;Vincent S. H. Lee;N. Lewandowska;Rafael R. Lino dos Santos;T. Littenberg;Tianyu Liu;D. Lorimer;Jing Luo;R. Lynch;Chung-Pei Ma;D. Madison;A. McEwen;J. McKee;M. Mclaughlin;N. McMann;B. W. Meyers;P. Meyers;C. Mingarelli;A. Mitridate;J. Nay;P. Natarajan;C. Ng;D. Nice;S. Ocker;K. Olum;T. Pennucci;B. Perera;P. Petrov;N. Pol;H. Radovan;S. Ransom;P. Ray;J. Romano;S. C. Sardesai;A. Schmiedekamp;C. Schmiedekamp;K. Schmitz;T. Schroder;L. Schult;B. Shapiro-Albert;X. Siemens;J. Simon;M. Siwek;I. Stairs;D. Stinebring;K. Stovall;Peter Stratmann;Jerry P. Sun;A. Susobhanan;J. Swiggum;Jacob M. Taylor;S. Taylor;T. Trickle;J. E. Turner;C. Unal;M. Vallisneri;Sonali Verma;S. Vigeland;H. Wahl;Qiaohong Wang;C. Witt;Davis Wright;O. Young;K. Zurek
由北美纳赫兹引力波天文台（NANOGrav）收集的15年脉冲星定时数据集显示了低频引力波（GW）背景存在的积极证据。在本文中，我们调查潜在的宇宙学解释这个信号，特别是宇宙膨胀，标量诱导的GW，一阶相变，宇宙弦和畴壁。我们发现，除了场论起源的稳定宇宙弦外，所有这些模型都能再现观测到的信号。当与标准的解释相比，在吸入超大质量黑洞双星（SMBHB），许多宇宙学模型似乎提供了一个更好的拟合，导致贝叶斯因子在10至100的范围内。然而，这些结果在很大程度上依赖于对宇宙SMBHB人口的建模假设，在这个阶段，不应该被视为新物理学的证据。此外，我们确定排除的参数区域，从宇宙学来源的预测GW信号显着超过NANOGrav信号。这些参数约束是独立的起源的NANOGrav信号，并说明脉冲星定时数据提供了一种新的方式来约束这些模型的参数空间。最后，我们寻找确定性的信号产生的模型的超轻暗物质（ULDM）和暗物质的子结构在银河系。我们没有发现这些信号的证据，因此报告更新这些模型的限制。在ULDM的情况下，这些约束优于扭转平衡和原子钟约束耦合到电子，μ子或胶子的ULDM。
The 15 yr pulsar timing data set collected by the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) shows positive evidence for the presence of a low-frequency gravitational-wave (GW) background. In this paper, we investigate potential cosmological interpretations of this signal, specifically cosmic inflation, scalar-induced GWs, first-order phase transitions, cosmic strings, and domain walls. We find that, with the exception of stable cosmic strings of field theory origin, all these models can reproduce the observed signal. When compared to the standard interpretation in terms of inspiraling supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs), many cosmological models seem to provide a better fit resulting in Bayes factors in the range from 10 to 100. However, these results strongly depend on modeling assumptions about the cosmic SMBHB population and, at this stage, should not be regarded as evidence for new physics. Furthermore, we identify excluded parameter regions where the predicted GW signal from cosmological sources significantly exceeds the NANOGrav signal. These parameter constraints are independent of the origin of the NANOGrav signal and illustrate how pulsar timing data provide a new way to constrain the parameter space of these models. Finally, we search for deterministic signals produced by models of ultralight dark matter (ULDM) and dark matter substructures in the Milky Way. We find no evidence for either of these signals and thus report updated constraints on these models. In the case of ULDM, these constraints outperform torsion balance and atomic clock constraints for ULDM coupled to electrons, muons, or gluons.