Experimental warming transforms multiple predator effects in a grassland food web
Experimental warming transforms multiple predator effects in a grassland food web
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01386.x
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发表时间：
2009-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Schmitz, Oswald J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barton, Brandon T.;Schmitz, Oswald J.
本实验研究测试新的理论，利用变暖改变捕食者栖息地的使用，因此直接和间接的相互作用，在草原食物网包含两个占主导地位的蜘蛛捕食物种，占主导地位的蝗虫草食动物和草和草本植物的多个捕食者对社区的影响。实验变暖进一步提供了对气候变化如何改变直接和间接影响的洞察力。在周围环境条件下，蜘蛛使用的栖息地在空间上互补的位置。与预测一致，多捕食者对蝗虫和植物的影响是平均的个人捕食者的影响。气候变暖加强了单一捕食者效应。它还导致蜘蛛物种在植被冠层中重叠较低。与预测一致，该系统被转化为一个intraguild捕食系统，随之而来的灭绝的一个蜘蛛物种。这些结果预示着气候导致捕食者多样性的丧失，对食物网的结构和功能产生重要影响。
This experimental study tests new theory for multiple predator effects on communities by using warming to alter predator habitat use and hence direct and indirect interactions in a grassland food web containing two dominant spider predator species, a dominant grasshopper herbivore and grass and herb plants. Experimental warming further offers insight into how climate change might alter direct and indirect effects. Under ambient environmental conditions, spiders used habitat in spatially complementary locations. Consistent with predictions, the multiple predator effect on grasshoppers and on plants was the average of the individual predator effects. Warming strengthened the single predator effects. It also caused the spider species to overlap lower in the vegetation canopy. Consistent with predictions, the system was transformed into an intraguild predation system with the consequent extinction of one spider species. The results portend climate caused loss of predator diversity with important consequences for food web structure and function.