Is ‘re-mobilisation’ nature restoration or nature destruction? A commentary
Is ‘re-mobilisation’ nature restoration or nature destruction? A commentary
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“重新动员”是自然恢复还是自然破坏？
DOI：
10.1007/s11852-019-00716-9
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
P. Hesp
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
I. Delgado‐Fernandez;R. Davidson‐Arnott;P. Hesp
在世界各地的许多地点，沿海沙丘的植被覆盖率正在增加，而流动性水平正在降低。以生态学为主导的沿海沙丘管理方法认为这种变化是“不可取的”，因为植物覆盖率的增加导致部分植被减少到裸露的沙地栖息地以及依赖它们的物种。这导致了管理范式的转变，其目标是通过干预景观来扭转这种趋势，采取的行动包括重新引入放牧和割草，到机械去除沙丘形态和植被（沙丘“复兴”）。在某些情况下，例如英国的许多沿海沙丘，这也导致对游客压力的控制不力，并允许/促进人类践踏作为释放裸沙区域的“自然”方式。这篇评论批判性地分析了这一相对较新的管理范式转变背后的主要原则（和术语），并在沙丘进化周期和对非生物和生物驱动因素的反应的背景下质疑诸如“裸沙是好的”和/或“流动性是自然的”等假设。我们回顾了这种方法的局限性和危险，并认为考虑到当前的气候和环境条件，它是不可持续的，并且它会增加海岸侵蚀的风险，并迫使沙丘系统偏离适应和改变直接/间接驱动因素。最后，我们介绍了一种侧重于最大限度地减少人类影响以使自然过程继续发生的管理方法的好处。
Coastal dunes are experiencing increases in vegetation cover and reduced mobility levels in many sites around the world. Ecology-led approaches to coastal dune management perceive this change as ‘undesirable’ because the increase in plant cover leads to a reduction in partially vegetated to bare sand habitats and the species depending on them. This has generated a shift in the management paradigm where the objective is to revert this trend by intervening in the landscape, with actions ranging from re-introducing grazing and mowing, to mechanical removal of dune form and vegetation (dune ‘rejuvenation’). In some cases, such as many coastal dunes in Britain, this has also led to low controls on visitor pressure and allowing/promoting human trampling as a ‘natural’ way to free up areas of bare sand. This commentary critically analyses the main principles (and terminology) underlying this relatively recent shift in management paradigm, and questions assumptions such as ‘bare sand is good’ and/or ‘mobility is natural’ in the context of dune evolutionary cycles and responses to abiotic and biotic drivers. We review the limitations and dangers of this approach and argue that it is not sustainable given the current climatic and environmental conditions, and that it can increase the risk of coastal erosion and force dune systems to deviate from adapting and changing to direct/indirect drivers. Finally, we present the benefits of a management approach that focuses on minimizing human impacts so that natural processes continue to occur.