Solar Septic Tank: Next Generation Sequencing Reveals Effluent Microbial Community Composition as a Useful Index of System Performance
Solar Septic Tank: Next Generation Sequencing Reveals Effluent Microbial Community Composition as a Useful Index of System Performance
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DOI：
10.3390/w11122660
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发表时间：
2019-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Koottatep, Thammarat
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Connelly, Stephanie;Pussayanavin, Tatchai;Koottatep, Thammarat
化粪池被广泛应用于离网污水管理，但其特点是处理性能差，排放污染废水，需要频繁地除泥。太阳能化粪池(SST)是一种新型的化粪池设计，它利用太阳的被动热量来提高池内的温度，并改善固体的降解，从而产生更清洁的污水。治疗已经被证明超过了传统的系统，然而，人们对该系统中驱动治疗的潜在生物学因素知之甚少。我们使用下一代测序仪(Illumina MiSeq(美国加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥)，V4区域16S DNA)在泰国曼谷的四个月的常规运行期间监测了两个成熟系统(一个常规化粪池和一个SST)的污泥和出水中的微生物，并根据同期收集的一套运行和性能数据对生态进行了评估。在每个系统中，污泥和出水的微生物群之间存在着显著的差异，每个系统中的优势类群都随着时间的推移而表现出持久的存在。此外，系统出水中微生物群落组成的变化与出水水质和处理性能参数有关，包括对化学和生化需氧量的去除以及出水中粪便和总大肠菌群的浓度。因此，我们建议，可以通过对系统污水进行采样而不是对污泥进行采样来对分散的污水处理生物技术(如SST)背后的生物学进行广泛的调查。这是有利的，因为在采样过程中接触污泥是危险的，而且可能对系统中潜在的厌氧产甲烷联合体造成破坏。
Septic tanks are widely deployed for off-grid sewage management but are typified by poor treatment performance, discharge of polluting effluents and the requirement for frequent de-sludging. The Solar Septic Tank (SST) is a novel septic tank design that uses passive heat from the sun to raise in-tank temperatures and improves solids degradation, resulting in a cleaner effluent. Treatment has been shown to exceed conventional systems, however, the underlying biology driving treatment in the system is poorly understood. We used next generation sequencing (Illumina Miseq (San Diego, CA, USA), V4 region 16S DNA) to monitor the microbiology in the sludge and effluent of two mature systems, a conventional septic tank and an SST, during four months of routine operation in Bangkok, Thailand, and evaluated the ecology against a suite of operating and performance data collected during the same time period. Significant differences were observed between the microbiome of the sludge and effluent in each system and the dominant taxa in each appeared persistent over time. Furthermore, variation in the microbial community composition in the system effluents correlated with effluent water quality and treatment performance parameters, including the removal of chemical and biochemical oxygen demand and the concentration of fecal and total coliforms in the effluent. Thus, we propose that a wide-scale survey of the biology underlying decentralised biotechnologies for sewage treatment such as the SST could be conducted by sampling system effluent rather than sampling sludge. This is advantageous as accessing sludge during sampling is both hazardous and potentially disruptive to the anaerobic methanogenic consortia underlying treatment in the systems.