Design Heuristics in Engineering Concept Generation
Design Heuristics in Engineering Concept Generation
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DOI：
10.1002/j.2168-9830.2012.tb01121.x
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发表时间：
2012-10-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Gonzalez, Richard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daly, Shanna R.;Yilmaz, Seda;Gonzalez, Richard
设计创新取决于成功的概念生成。设计的构思阶段旨在产生多种多样的概念，从中进行开发和选择。通常，在工程类课程中不提供关于想法生成方法的指导;然而，当教授时，通常是通过头脑风暴等技术，缺乏生成设计的具体方法。此外，现有的构思策略不是基于设计师的证据或通过实证研究的严格测试。EASSEThis研究调查了工程专业的学生和从业人员如何产生的想法。我们关注设计师如何使用产品特征来定义概念，以及如何通过修改其特征将以前的概念转化为新的解决方案。我们的方法是基于我们以前的工作，确定设计启发式的工程解决方案，定义为认知提示，促进探索的多个设计在概念generation.METHODThink-Aloud录音和概念草图收集36个工程专业的学生和从业者（具有不同程度的经验），因为他们产生的想法在实验室环境中的一个新的设计任务。这些数据，沿着回顾性访谈，分析了参与者的解决方案中明显的构思策略。参与者产生了新的概念，并提出了概念修改，并在他们的设计中观察到特定的设计启发式。结果表明，设计启发式教学可以帮助在有效的idea generation. CONCLUSIONSSThis协议研究的工程设计师提供了一个集合的启发式在实践中观察到，为学生和从业者探索设计空间提供了新的方法。在本研究和以前的研究中发现的设计启发式可以被学习，然后被纳入工程专业学生和实践者的实践中。
BACKGROUNDInnovation in design depends on successful concept generation. The ideation stage of design is intended to produce multiple, varied concepts from which to develop and choose. Often, instruction on idea generation methods is not offered in engineering classes; however, when taught, it is commonly through techniques like brainstorming, which lacks specific ways to generate designs. Further, existing ideation strategies are not based on evidence from designers or rigorous testing through empirical studies.PURPOSEThis study investigated how engineering students and practitioners generated ideas. We focused on how designers used product characteristics to define concepts, and how previous concepts were transformed into new solutions by modifying their characteristics. Our methodology is based on our previous work identifying Design Heuristics in engineering solutions, defined as cognitive prompts that facilitate exploration of multiple designs during concept generation.METHODThink-aloud recordings and concept sketches were collected from 36 engineering students and practitioners (with varying levels of experience) as they generated ideas for a novel design task in a laboratory setting. These data, along with retrospective interviews, were analyzed for the ideation strategies evident in the participants' solutions.RESULTSThis study revealed evidence for over 60 strategies for concept generation during the ideation stage. Participants generated novel concepts and proposed concept modifications, and specific Design Heuristics were observed in their designs. The results suggest instruction on Design Heuristics can aid in effective idea generation.CONCLUSIONSThis protocol study of engineering designers provides a collection of heuristics observed in practice that offers new methods for students and practitioners to explore design spaces. The Design Heuristics identified in this and previous work can potentially be learned and then incorporated into the practice of engineering students and practitioners.