Balancing bilinguals: Lexical-semantic production and cognitive processing in children learning Spanish & English
Balancing bilinguals: Lexical-semantic production and cognitive processing in children learning Spanish & English
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DOI：
10.1044/jslhr.4206.1400
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发表时间：
1999-12-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Hernandez, AE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kohnert, KJ;Bates, E;Hernandez, AE
本研究调查了西班牙语（第一语言）和英语（第二语言）的早期顺序双语者词汇生成技能的发展变化，探讨了年龄、经验年限和基本认知加工（特别是抵抗干扰的能力）在定时图片命名任务中的影响。为了评估对干扰的抵抗力，比较了低竞争（单一语言阻塞）和高竞争（混合交替语言）条件下的命名。参与者为100人，5个不同年龄段各20人（5-7岁、8-10岁、11-13岁、14-16岁和年轻人）。所有人都在家里学习西班牙语作为第一语言，从5岁开始有正式的英语经验。两种语言在各个年龄段都有所增长。然而，西班牙语在幼童中占主导地位，在儿童中期西班牙语和英语技能相对平衡的一段时期，出现了一个发展交叉，最终在青少年和年轻人中形成了一个明确的英语主导模式。尽管在混合语言条件下，所有组的反应时间都比语言障碍条件下慢得多，但在混合语言条件下，速度-准确性权衡模式的发展变化可以解释为反映了在单词生成过程中抵抗认知干扰能力的变化。
The present study investigated developmental changes in lexical production skills in early sequential bilinguals, in both Spanish (L1) and English (L2), exploring the effects of age, years of experience, and basic-level cognitive processing (specifically the ability to resist interference) within a timed picture-naming task. To assess resistance to interference, naming was compared in low competition (blocked-single language) vs. high competition (mixed-alternating language) conditions. Participants were 100 individuals, 20 at each of 5 different age levels (5-7, 8-10, 11-13, 14-16, & young adults). All had learned Spanish as a first language in the home, with formal English experience beginning at 5 years. Gains were made in both languages across age. However, there was a developmental crossover from Spanish dominance in the youngest children, through a period of relatively balanced Spanish and English skills in middle childhood, culminating in a clear pattern of English dominance among adolescents and young adults. Although all groups experienced a greater slowing of response times in the mixed-language condition relative to the blocked-language condition, developmental changes in the pattern of speed-accuracy trade-offs in the mixed condition can be interpreted to reflect a change in the ability to resist cognitive interference during word production.