Study of nebulization delivery of aerosolized fluorescent microspheres to the avian respiratory tract.
Study of nebulization delivery of aerosolized fluorescent microspheres to the avian respiratory tract.
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DOI：
10.1637/9989-111511-reg.1
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发表时间：
2012-06
期刊：
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Raabe OG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tell LA;Stephens K;Teague SV;Pinkerton KE;Raabe OG
本研究调查了单分散微球气溶胶暴露后对鸟类呼吸道的输送。将成年家鸽子（Columbia livia domestica，每次处理n=5只）暴露于直径1.0 μm的荧光羧酸微球气溶胶中0.5、1、2或4小时。在雾化期间，这些鸟在有机玻璃处理室中自由站立，气溶胶使用商用雾化器输送。在接触气溶胶后，立即对鸟类实施安乐死，并将尸体静脉注射改性多聚甲醛/ gluter醛固定剂。微球分布评价采用立体显微镜与一个显荧光模块。这项研究的结果表明，使用商用雾化器输送的雾化颗粒的数量与暴露时间成正比。0.5 h或1 h的气溶胶暴露时间不会导致1.0 μm荧光微球在颅胸、胸尾或腹部气囊膜上的容易观察到的分布。这部分归因于雾化悬浮液中单个单分散微球的浓度相对较低。暴露时间为2和4小时时，可观察到1.0 μm荧光微球在颅胸、胸尾或腹部气囊膜上的沉积，暴露时间为4小时时，膜表面颗粒数量最多。在每个暴露期，沉积球的分布和相对数量存在个体动物差异。该研究证明了空气动力学等效直径约为1 μm的颗粒的广泛沉积，并为气溶胶暴露后鸟类呼吸系统内颗粒沉积效率提供了更好的理解。
This study investigated the delivery of an aerosol of monodisperse microspheres to the respiratory tract of birds following aerosol exposure. Adult domestic pigeons (Columbia livia domestica; n=5 birds per timed treatment) were exposed to an aerosol of fluorescent 1.0 μm diameter carboxylate microspheres for 0.5, 1, 2 or 4 hr. During the aerosolization period, the birds were free standing in a plexiglass treatment chamber, and the aerosol was delivered using a commercial nebulizer. Immediately following aerosol exposure the birds were euthanized and the carcasses were intravenously infused with a modified paraformaldehyde/gluteraldehyde fixative. Evaluation of microsphere distribution was performed using a stereoscopic microscope with an epifluorescent module. The results from this study revealed that the amount of aerosolized particles delivered using a commercial nebulizer was proportional to exposure periods. Aerosol exposure periods of 0.5 h or 1 h did not result in a readily observable distribution of 1.0 μm fluorescent microspheres to the cranial thoracic, caudal thoracic, or abdominal air sac membranes. This was partly attributed to the relatively low concentration of the individual monodisperse microspheres in the aerosolized suspension. The 2 and 4 hr exposure periods resulted in readily observable deposition of the 1.0 μm fluorescent microspheres in the cranial thoracic, caudal thoracic, or abdominal air sac membranes with the 4 hr exposure period resulting in the greatest number of particles on the membrane surfaces. For each of the exposure periods there was individual animal variation regarding the distribution and relative number of spheres deposited. This study demonstrates the widespread deposition of particles that had an aerodynamic equivalent diameter of approximately 1 μm and provides a better understanding of particle deposition efficiency within the respiratory system following aerosol exposure in birds.