Bodies capture attention when nothing is expected
Bodies capture attention when nothing is expected
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2003.10.010
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发表时间：
2004-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Childs, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Downing, PE;Bray, D;Childs, C
功能性神经影像学研究表明，某些类别的视觉刺激选择性地激活视觉皮层的焦点区域。具体地说，通常和选择性地对面部做出反应的皮层区域（Kanwisher，N.，McDermott，J.，& Chun，M. M.（1997年）。梭状回面部区域：人类纹外皮层中专门用于面部感知的模块。Journal of Neuroscience，17（11），4302-4311; Puce，A.，艾利森，T.，Asgari，M.，戈尔，JC，& McCarthy，G.（1996年）。人类视皮层对面孔、字母串和纹理的不同敏感性：一项功能性磁共振成像研究。Journal of Neuroscience，16（16），5205-5215.）和人体（Downing，P.E.，江，Y.，Shuman，M.，& Kanwisher，N.（2001年）的第10页。大脑皮层对人体视觉处理有选择性的区域。Science，293（5539），2470-2473.）最近用功能磁共振成像技术描述了这一现象。一个平行的研究机构集中在与其他种类的物体相比，面部“捕捉”注意力焦点的能力上（Lavie，N.，Ro，T.，&罗素角（2003年）的报告。知觉负荷在干扰面孔加工中的作用。Psychological Science，14（5），510-515; Ro，T.，拉塞尔，C.，& Lavie，N.（2001年）的第10页。变脸：闪烁范例中的检测优势。Psychological Science，12（l），94-99; Vuilleumier，P.（2000）.面孔引起注意：来自视力减退患者的证据。Neuropsychologia，38（5），693-700.）.本研究使用Mack和Rock的“无意视盲”范式来调查当注意力被主要任务占据时，意外的、与任务无关的人体刺激是否捕获意识（Mack，A.，罗克岛（1998年）。无意视盲。伦敦：麻省理工学院出版社）。将人体的轮廓和简笔画以及手的轮廓与包括物体轮廓、物体简笔画以及身体、身体部位和物体的杂乱轮廓的控制刺激进行比较。相对于控制刺激，参与者能够更好地检测到人体。这些结果表明，人类的身体，像脸一样，可能会优先注意选择。更一般地说，它们与视觉系统将注意力优先级分配给也在强选择性皮层区域中表示的刺激类型的提议一致。(C)2004 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Functional neuroimaging research has shown that certain classes of visual stimulus selectively activate focal regions of visual cortex. Specifically, cortical areas that generally and selectively respond to faces (Kanwisher, N., McDermott, J., & Chun, M. M. (1997). The fusiform face area: a module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception. Journal of Neuroscience, 17(11), 4302-4311; Puce, A., Allison, T., Asgari, M., Gore, J. C., & McCarthy, G. (1996). Differential sensitivity of human visual cortex to faces, letterstrings, and textures: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Journal of Neuroscience, 16(16), 5205-5215.) and to the human body (Downing, P. E., Jiang, Y., Shuman, M., & Kanwisher, N. (2001). A cortical area selective for visual processing of the human body. Science, 293(5539), 2470-2473.) have recently been described using fMRI. A parallel body of research has focused on the ability of faces to "capture" the focus of attention, compared to other kinds of objects (Lavie, N., Ro, T., & Russell, C. (2003). The role of perceptual load in processing distractor faces. Psychological Science, 14(5), 510-515; Ro, T., Russell, C., & Lavie, N. (2001). Changing faces: a detection advantage in the flicker paradigm. Psychological Science, 12(l), 94-99; Vuilleumier, P. (2000). Faces call for attention: evidence from patients with visual extinction. Neuropsychologia, 38(5), 693-700.). The present study uses Mack and Rock's "inattentional blindness" paradigm to investigate whether unexpected, task-irrelevant human body stimuli capture awareness when attention is occupied by a primary task (Mack, A., & Rock, I. (1998). Inattentional blindness. London: MIT Press). Silhouettes and stick figures of human bodies, and silhouettes of hands, were compared to control stimuli including object silhouettes, object stick figures, and scrambled silhouettes of bodies, body parts, and objects. Participants were significantly better able to detect a human figure relative to the control stimuli. These results suggest that the human body, like the face, may be prioritized for attentional selection. More generally, they are consistent with the proposal that the visual system assigns attentional priority to types of stimuli that are also represented in strongly selective cortical regions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.