Mosquito-fungus interactions and antifungal immunity.
Mosquito-fungus interactions and antifungal immunity.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.103182
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发表时间：
2019-08
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
P. Tawidian;V. L. Rhodes;K. Michel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Tawidian;V. L. Rhodes;K. Michel
蚊子的免疫系统是在不断与从食物到敌人的真菌接触的情况下进化出来的。在此，我们回顾了蚊子-真菌相互作用的领域，提供了当前知识和感兴趣的主题的概述。蚊子在其水生和陆生栖息地遇到真菌。苔藓虫幼虫暴露于植物碎屑、水柱内和水面上的真菌。成年蚊子在室内和室外休息、进食血液和糖、交配和产卵期间暴露于真菌。真菌通过不同的途径进入蚊子体内，包括摄食和通过角质层的主动或被动破坏。口服真菌对蚊子有益，因为酵母具有营养价值并支持幼虫发育。然而，摄入或表面接触真菌昆虫病原体会导致蚊子的定殖，通常对宿主造成致命后果。蚊子免疫系统识别真菌，并在血腔中产生细胞和体液免疫应答，以及可能在肠道中产生上皮免疫应答。这些反应通过多种信号转导途径进行转录调控。蛋白水解蛋白酶级联提供抗真菌免疫的额外调节。总之，这些免疫反应为真菌感染提供了有效的屏障，而真菌感染需要通过昆虫病原体来克服。因此，真菌构成了一个很好的工具，检查蚊子免疫的分子基础，并确定新的抗真菌肽。此外，真菌生物群系分析的最新进展现在可以用来研究真菌对各种蚊子特征的贡献，包括媒介能力。
The mosquito immune system has evolved in the presence of continuous encounters with fungi that range from food to foes. Herein, we review the field of mosquito-fungal interactions, providing an overview of current knowledge and topics of interest. Mosquitoes encounter fungi in their aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Mosquito larvae are exposed to fungi on plant detritus, within the water column, and at the water surface. Adult mosquitoes are exposed to fungi during indoor and outdoor resting, blood and sugar feeding, mating, and oviposition. Fungi enter the mosquito body through different routes, including ingestion and through active or passive breaches in the cuticle. Oral uptake of fungi can be beneficial to mosquitoes, as yeasts hold nutritional value and support larval development. However, ingestion of or surface contact with fungal entomopathogens leads to colonization of the mosquito with often lethal consequences to the host. The mosquito immune system recognizes fungi and mounts cellular and humoral immune responses in the hemocoel, and possibly epithelial immune responses in the gut. These responses are regulated transcriptionally through multiple signal transduction pathways. Proteolytic protease cascades provide additional regulation of antifungal immunity. Together, these immune responses provide an efficient barrier to fungal infections, which need to be overcome by entomopathogens. Therefore, fungi constitute an excellent tool to examine the molecular underpinnings of mosquito immunity and to identify novel antifungal peptides. In addition, recent advances in mycobiome analyses can now be used to examine the contribution of fungi to various mosquito traits, including vector competence.