Gronlund's Writing Instructional Objectives
Gronlund's Writing Instructional Objectives
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格隆隆德的写作教学目标
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Brookhart
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. E. Gronlund;S. Brookhart
第一部分准备教学目标第一章重点关注预期学习结果、预期学习目标、目标和目的的级别、教学目标的使用、学习结果和教学过程，将教学目标陈述为预期学习结果标准呢？第二章获得明确的教学目标说明说明一般教学目标选择适当的概括性级别说明特定的学习结果获取强调教学意图的特定学习结果的代表性样本强调教学意图保持特定的学习结果对不同的学习单元有用在课程计划中使用特定的学习结果确保特定的学习结果是相关的根据需要修改总体目标第三章使用教学和评估计划中的目标第四章内容标准和教学目标内容标准的性质内容标准的性质教学目标需要使用参考框架作为指南编制教学目标时的考虑其他制定教学目标时的考虑因素选择教学目标协作准备教学目标第二部分为各种结果编写教学目标第六章为知识编写目标，理解和应用结果说明了知识、理解和应用的目标和应用程序层次调整语句以适应教学领域教学水平限制目标的问题高级思维技能的编写目标列出有用的结果列表使语句适应教学领域思维的情感成分第八章根据分类类别的声明编写情感结果的声明根据传统类别的声明调整语句以适应教学领域和教学水平决定是否应单独陈述情感结果编写技能和产品的绩效目标编写过程结果的目标编写产品结果的目标侧重于过程和产品结果在写作时隔离绩效技能目标编写和使用技能和产品的绩效目标第10章编写问题解决项目的绩效目标说明受限问题解决项目的目标说明扩展问题解决项目的目标第三部分在评估中使用教学目标在评估中使用教学目标第11章使用成就测试中的目标准备教学目标列表概述内容准备规格表使用项目编写简表构建相关测试题使用项目编写目标详细说明测试结果使用目标解释测试结果第12章使用绩效和情感评估目标评估绩效技能使用学生档案袋评估情感结果准备和使用评估工具指南
PART I PREPARING INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES Chapter 1 Focusing on Intended Learning Outcomes Instructional Objectives as Intended Learning Outcomes Levels of Goals and Objectives Uses of Instructional Objectives Learning Outcomes and the Instructional Process Stating Instructional Objectives as Intended Learning Outcomes What About Standards? Chapter 2 Obtaining Clear Statements of Instructional Objectives Stating the General Instructional Objectives Selecting the Proper Level of Generality Stating the Specific Learning Outcomes Obtaining a Representative Sample of Specific Learning Outcomes Emphasizing Instructional Intent Keeping the Specific Learning Outcomes Useful for Various Units of Study Using Specific Learning Outcomes in Lesson Planning Making Sure the Specific Learning Outcomes are Relevant Revising the General Objectives as Needed Chapter 3 Using Objectives in Planning for Teaching and Assessment Planning for Instruction Planning for Assessment Chapter 4 Content Standards and Instructional Objectives Nature of Content Standards Need for Instructional Objectives Chapter 5 Considerations in Preparing Instructional Objectives Using a Frame of References as a Guide Other Guides in Preparing Instructional Objectives Considerations in Selecting Instructional Objectives Preparing Instructional Objectives Cooperatively PART II WRITING INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES FOR VARIOUS OUTCOMES Chapter 6 Writing Objectives for Knowledge, Comprehension, and Application Outcomes Stating Objectives at the Knowledge, Comprehension, and Application Levels Adapting Statements to Areas of Instruction Adapting Statements to Levels of Instruction The Problem of Limiting Objectivesd to Intellectual Outcomes Chapter 7 Writing Objectives for Higher-Level Thinking Skills Making a Useful List of Outcomes Adapting Statements to Areas of Instruction Adapting Statements to Levels of Instruction Affective Components of Thinking Chapter 8 Writing Objectives for Affective Outcomes Basing Statements on the Taxonomy Categories Basing Statements on Traditional Categories Adapting Statements to Areas and Levels of Instruction Deciding If Affective Outcomes Should be Stated Separately Chapter 9 Writing Performance Objectives for Skills and Products Writing Objectives for Procedure Outcomes Writing Objectives for Product Outcomes Focusing on Both Procedure and Product Outcomes Isolating Performance Skills When Writing Objectives Guidelines for Writing and Using Peformance Objectives for Skills and Products Chapter 10 Writing Performance Objectives for Problem-Solving Projects Stating Objectives for Restricted Problem-Solving Projects Stating Objectives for Extended Problem-Solving Projects Guidelines for Writing and Using Performance Objectives in Problem-Solving Projects PART III USING INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES IN ASSESSMENT Chapter 11 Using Objectives in Achievement Testing Preparing the List of Instructional Objectives Outlining the Content Preparing the Table of Specifications Constructing Relevant Test Items Using a Simple Table for Item Writing Using Detailed Specifications for Item Writing Using Objectives for Interpreting Test Results Chapter 12 Using Objectives in Performance and Affective Assessment Assessing Performance Skills Assessing Affective Outcomes Using Student Portfolios Guidelines for Preparing and Using Assessment Instruments