Network Management
Network Management
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DOI：
10.1016/j.habitatint.2016.07.005
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发表时间：
1993-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Bernaille;R. Teixeira;Ismael Akodkenou;Augustin Soule;Kave Salamatian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Bernaille;R. Teixeira;Ismael Akodkenou;Augustin Soule;Kave Salamatian
网络管理-用于维护通信网络的完整性和运营的过程-是现代网络的有益和必要功能，但却卷入了与网络中立性和互联网流量拥塞有关的争议。本系列共分三个部分，探讨网络管理--它是什么、如何工作、对消费者意味着什么，以及哪些政策最有利于消费者和网络运营商努力保持有效的通信。第一部分定义了网络管理。互联网最初的设计目标很简单，就是确保能够连接私人、政府和学术网络。连接的质量和可靠性不是重点。最初的概念是，网络将保持简单和“哑”，以最大限度地提高建立连接的能力，通信的管理将是使用连接的设备上的软件的责任。但是，“哑”网络的理论概念很快让位于网络内部管理的必要性-通过避免由可变负载和设备故障引起的拥塞点来保持数据顺畅流动。最初的IP协议增加了一个“传输控制协议”（TCP）来管理数据丢失的问题，导致了TCP/IP协议套件，这是今天“尽力而为”互联网的基础。其他的网络管理增强功能也随之而来--实际需要防火墙、网络地址转换器、Web内容缓存等，以允许更复杂的应用程序和关键数据在商业Internet网络管理1上流动。所有网络都需要管理层来执行有效连接网络上两个或多个点的使命。2.网络管理的目的是提高网络的可靠性和生存能力。3.网络管理实践因网络的每一层而异。4.每一级的做法都必须相互联系和相互支持。5.网络管理实践应优化所有用户的体验。6.不应允许任何应用程序或用户违反、干扰或损害这些管理做法，因为这样做会降低网络的可靠性和可行性。
A primer for consumers, advocates and policy makers Network management – the process used to maintain the integrity and operations of a communications network – is a beneficial and necessary function of modern networks that has nonetheless become embroiled in the controversies related to network neutrality and traffic congestion on the Internet. This three-part series examines network management – what it is, how it works, what it means to consumers, and what policies would most benefit consumers and network operators in their efforts to maintain effective communications. Part I defines network management. The Internet was initially designed with the simple goal of assuring an ability to connect among private, government and academic networks. The quality and reliability of the connection was not a key focus. The original concept was that the network would remain simple and "dumb" in order to maximize the ability to establish connections, and that management of the communications would be the responsibility of the software on the devices that used the connection. But the theoretical concept of a "dumb" network quickly gave way to the necessity for management within the network itself-to keep data flowing smoothly by avoiding congestion points caused by variable loads and equipment failures. The original IP protocol was augmented with a "Transmission Control Protocol" (TCP) to manage problems of data loss, leading to the TCP/IP protocol suite that is the foundation of the " best efforts " Internet today. Other network management enhancements followed-real-world needs for firewalls, network address translators, web content caches and the like been necessary to allow for the more sophisticated applications and critical data that flow over the commercial Internet Network Management 1. All networks require management to carry out their mission of effectively connecting two or more points on the network. 2. The purpose of network management is to enhance the reliability and viability of the network. 3. Network management practices differ for each layer of the network. 4. Practices at each level must interconnect with and support one another. 5. Network management practices should optimize the experience of all users. 6. No application or user should be permitted to contravene, interfere with or compromise these management practices, since to do so would reduce the reliability and viability of the network.