Mitochondrial diversity of native pigs in the mainland South and South-east Asian countries and its relationships between local wild boars
Mitochondrial diversity of native pigs in the mainland South and South-east Asian countries and its relationships between local wild boars
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1740-0929.2008.00546.x
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发表时间：
2008-08-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Namikawa, Takao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tanaka, Kazuaki;Iwaki, Yoshiatsu;Namikawa, Takao
本研究分析了不丹、柬埔寨、老挝、缅甸和越南等南亚和东南亚大陆国家130头本地家猪和8头野猪线粒体DNA控制区的DNA序列。在138个个体中发现44个单倍型，其中41个是家猪，4个是野猪。在不丹，家养和野生种群只有一种单倍型。在其他情况下，野猪的mtDNA与同一地点的家猪的mtDNA没有显示出密切的亲缘关系，这表明这些国家的本地家猪并不是起源于目前的栖息地。线粒体DNA单倍型的系统发育分析概括了其他研究中发现的几个主要聚类群，但11个单倍型被聚为一个新的聚类群，我们称之为MTSEA。在大多数情况下，一个采样站存在一个以上的谱系群，这表明目前的本地家猪可能有多个来源。MTSEA单倍型在东南亚大陆山区(柬埔寨和老挝)的家猪中出现的频率相对较高，少数在缅甸和不丹发现。MTSEA单倍型的分布与今天孟高棉语的分布非常一致，表明还存在另一种独立的驯化。在不丹、缅甸和越南，分布频率高(几乎100%)的D2单倍型在中国品种中占主导地位。这些结果表明，在汉藏族和泰族的历史扩张过程中，存在着由人为媒介的家猪北迁南迁。此前在印度北部报告的D3单倍型在不丹的同域家猪和野猪中发现。D3单倍型是喜马拉雅山脚野猪和家猪之间独立驯化事件和/或大基因流动的重要证据。
In this study, we analyzed DNA sequence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control regions on the 130 native domestic pigs and eight wild boars in the mainland South and South-east Asian countries including Bhutan, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Forty-four haplotypes were found in the 138 individuals, 41 were in the domestic and four were in wild boars. Only one haplotype was shared by domestic and wild population in Bhutan. In other cases, mtDNA of wild boars did not show close affinity to that of the domestic pigs in the same location, indicating that the native domestic pigs in these countries did not originate in the present habitat. Phylogenetic analyzes of mtDNA haplotypes recapitulated several major clusters identified in other studies, but 11 haplotypes were grouped in a new cluster we named MTSEA. In most cases, more than one lineage group were present in a sampling station, indicating that the present indigenous domestic pigs may have multiple origins. The MTSEA haplotypes were present in relatively high frequencies in domestic pigs in the mountainous area of mainland South-east Asia (Cambodia and Laos), with a few found in Myanmar and Bhutan. The distributions of MTSEA haplotypes are in great conformity with the distribution of present-day Mon-Khmer language and indicated the existence of yet another independent domestication. The D2 haplotypes that distribute high frequency (almost 100%) throughout the Chinese breeds were dominant in Bhutan, Myanmar, and Vietnam. These results suggest an existence of human-mediated dispersal of domestic pigs from north to the south during the historical expansion of Sino-Tibetan and Tai peoples. The D3 haplotypes previously reported in north India were found in sympatric domestic and wild pigs in Bhutan. The D3 haplotype is an important proof of independent domestication event and/or great gene flow between wild and domestic pigs in the foot of Himalaya.