Radiocarbon dating the late Middle Paleolithic and the Aurignacian of the Swabian Jura
Radiocarbon dating the late Middle Paleolithic and the Aurignacian of the Swabian Jura
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.08.006
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发表时间：
2008-11-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Bolus, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Conard, Nicholas J.;Bolus, Michael
许多证据表明，大约40至30 ka BP之间的时期是现代人类到达欧洲并取代土著尼安德特人的时期。与此同时，许多与旧石器时代晚期相关的创新--包括新的石器和有机技术、个人装饰品的使用、具象艺术和乐器--都首次在欧洲考古记录中被记录下来。由于几个原因，确定这一时期的事件日期具有挑战性。在大约六到七个放射性碳半衰期之前的时期，可变的保存，预处理和样品制备很容易导致样品和实验室之间缺乏重现性。一系列生物、文化和地质过程可能导致考古地层及其内容物的混合。此外，一些数据集指出，这一时期是大气放射性碳水平显著上升的时期。本文评估了这些问题的背景下，挖掘和深入研究的洞穴盖贝塔enklosterle和Hohle瀑布在斯瓦比亚汝拉的德国西南部。我们的结论是，可变的大气放射性碳的生产有助于问题的约会中期旧石器时代晚期和早期旧石器时代。为了帮助建立一个可靠的年代施瓦本Aurignacian，我们开始把我们的约会程序集中在短暂的，地层安全的功能，看看他们是否产生可重复的结果。这种方法可能有助于测试竞争的解释时，出现的噪音和往往不可复制的结果，试图从旧石器时代中期到晚期的过渡。(C)2008爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Many lines of evidence point to the period between roughly 40 and 30 ka BP as the period in which modern humans arrived in Europe and displaced the indigenous Neandertal populations. At the same time, many innovations associated with the Upper Paleolithic - including new stone and organic technologies, use of personal ornaments, figurative art, and musical instruments - are first documented in the European archaeological record. Dating the events of this period is challenging for several reasons. In the period about six to seven radiocarbon half-lives ago, variable preservation, pre-treatment, and sample preparation can easily lead to a lack of reproducibility between samples and laboratories. A range of biological, cultural, and geological processes can lead to mixing of archaeological strata and their contents. Additionally, some data sets point to this period as a time of significant spikes in levels of atmospheric radiocarbon. This paper assesses these questions in the context of the well-excavated and intensively studied caves of Gei beta enklosterle and Hohle Fels in the Swabian Jura of southwestern Germany. We conclude that variable atmospheric radiocarbon production contributes to the problems of dating the late Middle Paleolithic and the early Upper Paleolithic. To help establish a reliable chronology for the Swabian Aurignacian, we are beginning to focus our dating program on short-lived, stratigraphically secure features to see if they yield reproducible results. This approach may help to test competing explanations for the noisy and often non-reproducible results that arise when trying to date the transition from the Middle to the Upper Paleolithic. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.