Induction of resistance to Penicillium digitatum in grapefruit by the yeast biocontrol agent Candida oleophila
Induction of resistance to Penicillium digitatum in grapefruit by the yeast biocontrol agent Candida oleophila
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DOI：
10.1094/phyto.2002.92.4.393
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发表时间：
2002-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Porat, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Droby, S;Vinokur, V;Porat, R
酵母Candida oleophila，商业产品Aspire的基础，被推荐用于控制柑橘和仁果的采后腐烂。它的作用方式包括营养竞争，网站排斥，和直接的真菌寄生。在本研究中，我们表明，应用Candida oleophila表面伤口或完整的'沼泽无核'葡萄柚引起系统性抗指状青霉，柑橘类水果的主要采后病原体。在水果中的病原体抗性的诱导已经明显的24小时后，引发，它是距离，浓度和时间依赖性和限制的果皮组织紧密围绕酵母应用程序的网站。病原体抗性的诱导需要浓度为10（8）至10（9）个细胞ml（-1）的活酵母细胞。无活力的高压灭菌或煮沸的酵母细胞或较低的酵母浓度是无效的，在提高水果抗病性。应用Candida oleophila细胞悬浮液葡萄柚果皮组织增加乙烯的生物合成，苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性，和植保素积累，并增加几丁质酶和β-1，3-内切葡聚糖酶蛋白水平，表明由西方免疫印迹分析。扫描电子显微镜观察发现，在伤口附近的酵母处理的网站，指状青霉的孢子萌发和芽管生长显着抑制。总之，这项研究提供的证据表明，诱导抗柑橘类水果采后腐烂应被认为是酵母Candida oleophila的多种作用模式的重要组成部分。
The yeast Candida oleophila, the base of the commercial product Aspire, is recommended for the control of postharvest decay in citrus and pome fruit. Its modes of action include nutrient competition, site exclusion, and direct mycoparasitism. In the present study, we showed that application of Candida oleophila to surface wounds or to intact 'Marsh Seedless' grapefruit elicited systemic resistance against Penicillium digitatum, the main postharvest pathogen of citrus fruit. The induction of pathogen resistance in fruit was already pronounced 24 h after elicitation; it was distance, concentration, and time dependent and restricted to the peel tissue closely surrounding the yeast application site. The induction of pathogen resistance required viable yeast cells at concentrations of 10(8) to 10(9) cells ml(-1). Nonviable autoclaved or boiled yeast cells or lower yeast concentrations were ineffective in enhancing fruit disease resistance. Application of Candida oleophila cell suspensions to grapefruit peel tissue increased ethylene biosynthesis, phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity, and phytoalexin accumulation, and increased chitinase and beta-1,3-endoglucanase protein levels, indicated by western immunoblotting analysis. Scanning electron microscope observations revealed that spore germination and germ tube growth of Penicillium digitatum were markedly inhibited in wounds made near the yeast-treated sites. Overall, this study provides evidence that induced resistance against postharvest decay of citrus fruit should be considered an important component of the multiple modes of action of the yeast Candida oleophila.