A preliminary evaluation of the necessity of using a cumulus parameterization scheme in high-resolution simulations of Typhoon Haiyan (2013)
A preliminary evaluation of the necessity of using a cumulus parameterization scheme in high-resolution simulations of Typhoon Haiyan (2013)
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s11069-018-3218-y
复制
发表时间：
2018-06
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Funing Li;Jinbao Song;Xia Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Funing Li;Jinbao Song;Xia Li
利用天气研究与预报模型，在高水平分辨率下，在9 ~ 2 km网格间距下，测试了台风海燕（2013）对使用积云参数化方案的敏感性，特别是修正的Kain-Fritsch （rKF）方案。与其他方案相比，rKF方案模拟的台风与观测值的一致性最好，但rKF方案的一些基本缺陷，如忽略动量调整和不像多尺度方案那样适用于高分辨率建模，可能会影响结果，并进行了讨论。初步结果表明，使用rKF格式或精细分辨率对台风路径模拟的影响不大，部分原因是每次模拟中所分析的边界条件所引起的大尺度转向流相似。rKF方案对台风强度、大小、结构和降水的影响与栅格间距有关，栅格长度为4 km附近变化最明显。在9 - 4 km栅格间隔处，使用rKF方案产生的台风比不使用积云参数化方案产生的台风强得多，降雨量和地表潜热通量也更多。在3 km和2 km格距处，rKF方案对台风强度的影响较小，降水和地表潜热通量的变化相对较小。结果表明，无积云参数化方案的模拟网格间距为2 km或rKF方案的模拟网格间距为4 km有助于模拟台风海燕的观测结果。
The Weather Research and Forecasting model was used to test the sensitivity of Typhoon Haiyan (2013) to the use of a cumulus parameterization scheme, specifically the revised Kain–Fritsch (rKF) scheme, at high horizontal resolutions with grid spacing varying from 9 to 2 km. The rKF scheme simulated the typhoon in best agreement with the observation compared with other schemes, but some fundamental drawbacks relating the rKF scheme, e.g., neglecting the momentum adjustment and being less applicable to high-resolution modeling than multi-scaled schemes, could influence the results and were discussed. Initial results showed that the typhoon track simulations benefited little from the use of the rKF scheme or a fine resolution, partially because of the similar large-scale steering flows induced by the analyzed boundary conditions used in each simulation. The influences of using the rKF scheme on typhoon intensity, size, structure, and precipitation were dependent on the grid spacing, and the most apparent changes occurred near a grid length of 4 km. At 9–4-km grid spacings, using the rKF scheme produced typhoons much stronger with more rainfall and surface latent heat flux than did using no cumulus parameterization scheme. At 3- or 2-km grid spacing, using the rKF scheme caused little changes on typhoon intensity, and the changes in precipitation and surface latent heat flux were relatively small. These results suggested that the grid spacing of 2 km for simulations using no cumulus parameterization scheme or the grid spacing of 4 km for simulations using the rKF scheme facilitated reproducing the observed Typhoon Haiyan.