A socioemotional intervention in a Latin American orphanage.
A socioemotional intervention in a Latin American orphanage.
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对拉丁美洲孤儿院的社会情感干预。
DOI：
10.1002/imhj.20270
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
K. Gordon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Mccall;C. J. Groark;L. Fish;D. Harkins;G. Serrano;K. Gordon
在拉丁美洲一家抑郁症孤儿院，利用正式工作人员实施了一项试点干预措施，强调培训和技术援助，以促进温暖、敏感和反应灵敏的一对一幼儿互动，主要是在喂养和洗澡/换尿布期间。尽管在实施干预过程中出现了各种意想不到的违规行为，但许多超出了研究人员的控制，病房环境得到了改善;照顾者与儿童的互动更加热情，敏感和反应灵敏;在4个月以上的完整干预后，儿童平均提高了13.5个发育商（DQ）点。此外，82%的儿童在干预前的DQ大于70，但只有27.8%的儿童在干预后这样做。虽然对所有照料者的培训是针对3岁以下儿童的，但不同照料者的人数有所减少，而且只向照料3岁以下儿童的照料者提供技术援助，年幼和年长儿童（3-8岁）的改善程度大致相同。然而，在干预过程中从年轻病房过渡到老年病房的儿童的改善程度低于留在年轻病房或老年病房的儿童，第一个证据表明，孤儿院定期将儿童从一个同质年龄组毕业到另一个年龄组的常见做法可能会阻碍他们的发展。这项研究与其他研究一致，这些研究表明，年龄是可以改变的，主要是增加温暖，敏感，反应灵敏的父母与儿童的互动可以改善儿童的发展。
A pilot intervention that emphasized training and technical assistance to promote warm, sensitive, and responsive one-on-one caregiver-child interactions primarily during feeding and bathing/changing was implemented using regular staff in a depressed orphanage for children birth to approximately 8 years of age in Latin America. Despite a variety of unanticipated irregularities in the implementation of the intervention, many beyond the researchers' control, ward environments improved; caregivers displayed more warm, sensitive, and responsive interactions with children; and children improved an average of 13.5 developmental quotient (DQ) points after 4+ months' exposure to the completed intervention. Furthermore, 82% of the children had DQs greater than 70 before the intervention, but only 27.8% did so afterward. Although the training for all caregivers was aimed at children birth to 3 years, the number of different caregivers was reduced, and technical assistance was provided only to caregivers serving children less than 3 years, younger and older children (3-8 years) improved approximately the same amount. However, children who were transitioned from a younger to an older ward during the intervention improved less than did children who remained in either a younger or an older ward, the first evidence suggesting that the common orphanage practice of periodically graduating children from one homogeneous age group to another may impede their development. The study is consistent with others that have shown that orphanages can be changed, and increases primarily in warm, sensitive, responsive caregiver-child interactions can produce improvements in children's development.