A sculpture technique for rendering complex impossible objects.
A sculpture technique for rendering complex impossible objects.
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一种渲染复杂不可能物体的雕塑技术。
作者：
Zaidi,Qasim
最近，我偶然发现了 Anne Huibretse 的青铜雕塑《Segue》。图1（左）为雕塑的前视图。观察者看到三维的奶牛相互叠在一起，形成一个拱门。图1（右）为雕塑的后视图。牛相互站立的情况并不常见，但除了这种奇思妙想之外，这座雕塑看起来很现实。然而，仔细观察就会发现这是一个不可能的物体。奶牛倾斜地站在彼此的上面。如果一头牛笔直站立，与其下方的牛成一定角度，则至少有一对蹄子必须站立在空中。然而，在这里，每头上面的牛的所有四个蹄都放在下面每头牛的背上。因此，这座雕塑符合不可能物体的定义，即由合理的部分以不可能的方式连接而成。这里也总体上是不可能的。如果每头牛都稳定地站在另一头牛的上面，它们应该形成柱子，而不是跨度超过两头牛长度的拱形。这尊雕塑是如此令人信服，以至于需要进行长时间的讨论才能说服一些观察者相信上述观点的有效性。我发现以下策略很有用：首先，将每头牛分别考虑；其次，考虑将它们倾斜地放置在彼此的顶部以重现雕塑中的排列。如果我们要让奶牛轮流通过 1808，中间有 5 头奶牛，那么每头奶牛都必须经过 308。牛的背顶很窄，不可能让一头牛以308的高度站在另一头牛的背上。假设一头牛的背部有 6 英尺长，那么前脚必须离开中线约 3 英尺才能获得必要的扭曲（6 倍 sin308）。由此可见，稳定的拱门在物理上是不可能的。图 2 是一个侧视图，揭示了使这些错觉成为可能的秘密。雕塑并不完全是圆形的；相反，被压扁的奶牛比从正面和背面看起来要窄得多。它们实际上是浮雕的，给人一种圆形的错觉。奶牛也排列在彼此之上，而不是倾斜放置。与大多数浮雕不同，Segue 是双面的。
Recently, I chanced upon the bronze sculpture Segue by Anne Huibregtse. Figure 1 (left) shows the front view of the sculpture. The observer perceives three-dimensional cows standing on top of each other, forming an arch. Figure 1 (right) shows the back view of the sculpture. It is not usual for cows to stand on each other, but aside from this whimsy, the sculpture looks realistic. Closer perusal, however, reveals that this is an impossible object. The cows are standing obliquely on top of each other. If a cow stands straight, at an angle to the cow beneath it, at least one pair of hooves must stand on air. Yet, here, all four hooves of each upper cow rest on the back of each lower cow. This sculpture thus fits the definition of an impossible object as composed of reasonable parts conjoined in impossible ways. There is an overall impossibility here as well. If each cow is standing stably on top of another, they should form columns, not an arch that spans more than two cow-lengths. This sculpture is so convincing, that it takes lengthy discussion to persuade some observers of the validity of the points above. I have found the following strategy useful: first, think of each cow as cast separately; second, think of placing them obliquely on top of each other to recreate the arrangement in the sculpture. Each cow must turn through 308 if we are to rotate the cows through 1808 with five intervening cows. The top of a cow's back is quite narrow and it is not possible to get one cow to stand at 308 on the back of another. Suppose a cow's back is 6 feet long, then the front feet would have to be about 3 feet off the midline in order to get the necessary twist (6 times sin308). It is thus clear that a stable arch is a physical impossibility. Figure 2 is a side view that reveals the secret that makes these illusions possible. The sculpture is not completely in the round; instead thesquashed'cows are much narrower than they seem from the front and back views. They are actually carved in relief to give the illusion of roundness. The cows also line up on top of each other, instead of being placed obliquely. Unlike most relief sculptures, Segue is double-sided.