Cobalt scavenging in the mesopelagic ocean and its influence on global mass balance: Synthesizing water column and sedimentary fluxes

Cobalt scavenging in the mesopelagic ocean and its influence on global mass balance: Synthesizing water column and sedimentary fluxes
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中深海中的钴清除及其对全球质量平衡的影响:合成水柱和沉积通量

DOI:
10.1016/j.marchem.2017.09.001
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
3
通讯作者:
Saito, Mak A.
Saito, Mak A.
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hawco, Nicholas J.;Lam, Phoebe J.;Lee, Jong-Mi;Ohnemus, Daniel C.;Noble, Abigail E.;Wyatt, Neil J.;Lohan, Maeve C.;Saito, Mak A.

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在海洋中,溶解的钴受到营养物循环和锰氧化物清除的影响。后一过程将钴浓缩在远洋沉积物中,导致深水库存量较小。虽然清除的钴向沉积物的通量在超过 100,000 年的时间尺度上表现稳定,但其在水柱中的停留时间很短,大约 130 年。利用最近 GEOTRACES 探险的结果,我们显示从深海中溶解的 Co 的净去除量约为 0.043 pM 年−1,相当于 980 年的周转时间。深海水团中的清除速度太慢,无法与海洋沉积物中的钴积累速率相匹配,需要大部分清除通量来自营养物循环活跃的中层海洋(< 1500 米深度)。根据从真光带沉降颗粒中 Co:P 化学计量与溶解 Co:P 再矿化比率之间的差异,我们计算出北大西洋和南太平洋盆地的面积清除率分别约为 1.5 和 0.7 μmol m− 2year− 1,这与大西洋和太平洋沉积物的长期积累率一致。在这两个盆地中,超过 50% 的钴清除通量发生在上层 500 m 处,导致中层有十年的周转时间。对来源的评估表明,海洋钴循环大致处于平衡状态,但该清单可能对氧气最低区强度的长期趋势敏感,该最低区约占现代海洋每年钴来源的 25%。
In the ocean, dissolved cobalt is affected by both nutrient cycling and scavenging onto manganese oxides. The latter process concentrates Co in pelagic sediments, resulting in a small deep water inventory. While the flux of scavenged cobalt to sediments appears steady on timescales > 100,000 years, its residence time in the water column is short, approximately 130 years. Using results from recent GEOTRACES expeditions, we show net removal of dissolved Co from the deep ocean on the order of 0.043 pM year− 1, which corresponds to a turnover time of 980 years. Scavenging in deep ocean water masses is too slow to match cobalt accumulation rates in marine sediments, requiring most of the scavenging flux to derive from the mesopelagic ocean (< 1500 m depth) where nutrient cycling is active. Based on differences between the Co:P stoichiometry in particles sinking from the euphotic zone and dissolved Co:P remineralization ratios, we calculate areal scavenging rates in the North Atlantic and South Pacific basins on the order of 1.5 and 0.7 μmol m− 2year− 1, respectively, which agree with long-term accumulation rates in Atlantic and Pacific sediments. In both basins, over 50% of the scavenged flux of cobalt occurs in the upper 500 m, resulting in decadal turnover times in the mesopelagic. An assessment of sources suggests that the marine cobalt cycle is approximately in balance, but that this inventory may be sensitive to long term trends in the intensity of oxygen minimum zones, which account for ~ 25% of the annual cobalt source to the modern oceans.
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