Discounting of delayed rewards in opioid-dependent outpatients: Exponential or hyperbolic discounting functions?
Discounting of delayed rewards in opioid-dependent outpatients: Exponential or hyperbolic discounting functions?
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DOI：
10.1037/1064-1297.7.3.284
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发表时间：
1999-08-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Jacobs, EA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Madden, GJ;Bickel, WK;Jacobs, EA
最近的药物滥用理论使用延迟奖励的价值折扣来部分解释吸毒的决定。规范经济理论认为，指数函数描述了延迟对贴现的影响，而匹配律假定了双曲线贴现函数。这些功能来描述18人海洛因依赖者的金钱和海洛因奖励延迟折扣功能的能力进行了评估。在第一种情况下，参与者在即时和延迟的假设货币奖励之间做出选择。延迟奖励为1,000美元，即时奖励金额进行调整，直到选择反映出冷漠。在第二种情况下，参与者在立即和延迟的海洛因之间选择（延迟的数量是每个参与者报告他或她可以用1,000美元购买的数量）。双曲线函数产生显著更高的R-2值和显著更低的平方误差值的总和。与以前的研究结果一致，延迟海洛因奖励的折扣率显着高于延迟货币奖励。
Recent theories of substance abuse have used value discounting of delayed rewards to partly explain the decision to take drugs. Normative-economic theory holds that an exponential function describes the effects of delay on discounting, whereas the matching law posits a hyperbolic discounting function. The ability of these functions to describe 18 human heroin-dependent individuals' monetary- and heroin-reward delay-discounting functions was assessed. In the Ist condition, participants chose between immediate and delayed hypothetical monetary rewards. Delayed rewards were $1,000, and the immediate reward amount was adjusted until choices reflected indifference. In the 2nd condition, participants chose between immediate and delayed heroin (the delayed amount was that which each participant reported he or she could purchase with $1,000). The hyperbolic function produced significantly higher R-2 values and significantly lower sums of squared error values. Consistent with previous findings, delayed heroin rewards were discounted at a significantly higher rate than were delayed monetary rewards.