UNREALISTIC OPTIMISM ABOUT FUTURE LIFE EVENTS
UNREALISTIC OPTIMISM ABOUT FUTURE LIFE EVENTS
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.39.5.806
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发表时间：
1980-01-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
WEINSTEIN, ND
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
WEINSTEIN, ND
在研究1中，200多名大学生估计自己经历42件事的机会与同学的机会有多大差异。总的来说，s对自己在积极事件中的得分明显高于平均水平，而在消极事件中的得分则低于平均水平。认知和动机因素导致预测期望程度、感知概率、个人经验、感知可控性和刻板印象显著性会影响不同事件引起的乐观偏见的数量。所有的预测都得到了支持，尽管积极和消极事件的影响模式有所不同。第二项研究测试了来自第一项研究的120名女大学生的观点，即人们不切实际地乐观，因为他们专注于提高自己获得理想结果的机会的因素，而没有意识到其他人可能也有很多对他们有利的因素。学生列出了他们认为影响自己经历未来事件几率的因素。当这些列表被第二组s阅读时，第二组对同样的8个事件表现出的不切实际的乐观程度显着下降，尽管没有消除。（22 ref）（PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA，版权所有）
In Study 1, over 200 college students estimated how much their own chance of experiencing 42 events differed from the chances of their classmates. Overall, Ss rated their own chances to be significantly above average for positive events and below average for negative events. Cognitive and motivational considerations led to predictions that degree of desirability, perceived probability, personal experience, perceived controllability, and stereotype salience would influence the amount of optimistic bias evoked by different events. All predictions were supported, although the pattern of effects differed for positive and negative events. Study 2 with 120 female undergraduates from Study 1 tested the idea that people are unrealistically optimistic because they focus on factors that improve their own chances of achieving desirable outcomes and fail to realize that others may have just as many factors in their favor. Ss listed the factors that they thought influenced their own chances of experiencing 8 future events. When such lists were read by a 2nd group of Ss, the amount of unrealistic optimism shown by this 2nd group for the same 8 events decreased significantly, although it was not eliminated.(22 ref)(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)