Vehicle routing to minimize time-dependent emissions in urban areas
Vehicle routing to minimize time-dependent emissions in urban areas
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ejor.2015.11.034
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Thomas, Barrett W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ehmke, Jan Fabian;Campbell, Ann Melissa;Thomas, Barrett W.
本文重点研究尽量减少城市地区车辆行驶路线中二氧化碳排放的问题。虽然许多作者已经意识到速度对于最大限度地减少排放的重要性，但大多数现有文献都假设车辆可以在道路网络中的每个弧线上以排放最小化的速度行驶。在城市地区，车辆必须以交通速度行驶，而交通速度是可变的且取决于时间。最佳路线还取决于车辆负载。为了解决这个问题，我们利用之前的工作，将随机最短路径子问题转化为确定性问题。虽然一般来说，必须针对启动时间和负载的每种组合计算这些路径，但我们引入了一个结果，该结果可以确定客户之间的排放最小化路径何时对于所有负载都相同。发生这种情况时，我们可以预先计算路径并将它们存储在查找表中，从而节省运行时间。为了解决路由问题，我们采用了现有的禁忌搜索算法。我们在真实道路网络数据集的实例和 2.3 亿个速度观测值上测试了我们的方法。对不同数量的车辆、车辆重量和皮卡数量的实验证明了我们方法的价值。我们表明，与以更传统的目标创建的路线相比，特别是在郊区，车辆较重且皮卡数量不均匀，可以大幅减少排放。我们表明，排放量节省的比例大于相关持续时间的增加，这表明可以以相当低的成本实现排放量的改善。 (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
This paper focuses on the problem of minimizing CO2 emissions in the routing of vehicles in urban areas. While many authors have realized the importance of speed in minimizing emissions, most of the existing literature assumes that vehicles can travel at the emissions-minimizing speed on each arc in the road network. In urban areas, vehicles must travel at the speed of traffic, which is variable and time-dependent. The best routes also depend on the vehicle load. To solve the problem, we take advantage of previous work that transforms the stochastic shortest path subproblems into deterministic problems. While in general, these paths must be computed for each combination of start time and load, we introduce a result that identifies when the emissions-minimizing path between customers is the same for all loads. When this occurs, we can precompute the paths and store them in a lookup table which saves on runtime. To solve the routing problem, we adapt an existing tabu search algorithm. We test our approach on instances from a real road network dataset and 230 million speed observations. Experiments with different numbers of vehicles, vehicle weights, and pickup quantities demonstrate the value of our approach. We show that large savings in emissions can occur particularly in the suburbs, with heavier vehicles, and with heterogeneous pickup quantities as compared with routes created with more traditional objectives. We show that the savings in emissions are proportionally larger than the associated increases in duration, indicating improved emissions are achievable at a fairly low cost. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.