Practice and drop-out effects during a 17-year longitudinal study of cognitive aging
Practice and drop-out effects during a 17-year longitudinal study of cognitive aging
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DOI：
10.1093/geronb/59.2.p84
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发表时间：
2004-03-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
McInnes, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rabbitt, P;Diggle, P;McInnes, L
认知老化的纵向研究的解释是误导，除非实践和选择性辍学的影响被考虑在内。在对5，899名年龄在49岁至92岁之间的社区居民进行的17年纵向研究中，考虑到实践和辍学的随机效应模型分析了两项智力测试、两项词汇测试和两项言语记忆测试中每一项的四次连续呈现的数据。在智力测试中，大量的练习效果抵消了在3到5年的老化过程中观察到的真正下降，即使连续评估之间的间隔为7年，效果仍然很显著。调整实践和辍学显示流体智力和累积学习的加速下降，口头自由回忆的线性下降，词汇量没有实质性变化。社会经济地位和一般液体能力的基础水平并不影响下降率。在进一步调整人口统计学后，个体之间的变异性随着样本年龄的增长而增加。
Interpretations of longitudinal studies of cognitive aging are misleading unless effects of practice and selective drop-out are considered. A random effects model taking practice and drop-out into account analyzed data from four successive presentations of each of two intelligence tests, two vocabulary tests, and two verbal memory tests during a 17-year longitudinal study of 5,899 community residents whose ages ranged from 49 to 92 years. On intelligence tests, substantial practice effects counteracted true declines observed over 3 to 5 years of aging and remained significant even with intervals of 7 years between successive assessments. Adjustment for practice and drop-out revealed accelerating declines in fluid intelligence and cumulative learning, linear declines in verbal free recall, and no substantial change in vocabulary. Socioeconomic status and basal levels of general fluid ability did not affect rates of decline. After further adjustment for demographics, variability between individuals was seen to increase as the sample aged.