Welfare Works: Explaining Female Legislative Representation
Welfare Works: Explaining Female Legislative Representation
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福利工作：解释女性立法代表
DOI：
10.1017/s1743923x06060065
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Michael F. Thies
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Rosenbluth;Rob Salmond;Michael F. Thies
这项研究旨在加深我们对妇女在世界各地立法机构中代表性不足的原因的理解，以及是什么原因导致了随着时间的推移和各国之间的巨大差异。学者们普遍同意妇女进入议会的许多有利条件，阿利亚包括比例代表制、政府中的左派和妇女就业。然而，人们对将妇女席位份额与假定的解释性因素联系起来的机制仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们认为，关键环节在于福利国家政策，1）自由妇女进入有偿劳动力，2）提供公共部门的工作，不成比例地雇用妇女，和3）改变工作妇女的政治利益足以创造一个意识形态的性别差距。这种性别差距的出现反过来又激励各政党争夺女性选票，而他们这样做的一种方式就是让越来越多的女性加入议会代表团。我们感谢松田夏的大力研究援助，感谢Torben Iversen分享数据，伊桑·沙伊纳和宾·鲍威尔在2004年芝加哥美国政治学协会会议上为本文提供了有益的评论。Thies还感谢加州大学洛杉矶分校学术参议院研究委员会的资助。
This study aims to advance our understanding of why women are underrepresented in legislatures around the world, and what accounts for the wide variation over time and across countries. Scholars generally agree on many of the favorable conditions for women to enter parliament, including, inter alia, proportional representation, leftism in government, and female employment. However, the mechanisms that link women's seat shares to the supposed explanatory factors are still poorly understood. In this study, we argue that the key link resides in welfare state policies that 1) free women to enter the paid workforce, 2) provide public sector jobs that disproportionately employ women, and 3) change the political interests of working women enough to create an ideological gender gap. The emergence of this gender gap, in turn, creates incentives for parties to compete for the female vote, and one way that they do so is to include more and more women in their parliamentary delegations.We are grateful to Natsu Matsuda for capable research assistance, to Torben Iversen for sharing data, and to Ethan Scheiner and Bing Powell for helpful comments as discussant for this paper at a panel at the 2004 American Political Science Association meetings in Chicago. Thies also acknowledges the support of a grant from the UCLA Academic Senate's Committee on Research.