Mercury in marine fish, mammals, seabirds, and human hair in the coastal zone of the southern Baltic.
Mercury in marine fish, mammals, seabirds, and human hair in the coastal zone of the southern Baltic.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11270-015-2735-5
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Falkowska L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bełdowska M;Falkowska L
汞（Hg）除了具有高毒性外，还具有在海洋营养链中产生生物放大作用的能力。这是一个重要的问题，特别是在河口或沿海地区，特别是在大河河口附近。这项研究是在2001-2011年进行的，在波罗的海靠近维斯瓦河河口的沿海地区，维斯瓦河是波罗的海第二大河流。汞浓度是在鳕鱼、比目鱼、鲱鱼、海豹（野生和圈养）、大黑背鸥和格但斯克动物园的非洲企鹅的组织和器官中测量的，也在人的头发中测量的。黑尔海豹保护区的企鹅和海豹只吃鲱鱼。在海洋鸟类和哺乳动物以及远洋鲱鱼中，肾脏和肝脏中的汞浓度最高，而在鳕鱼和比目鱼（位于较高的营养级）中，肌肉中的汞污染最严重。生活在海豹保护区的灰海豹中，除肾脏外，所有分析的组织和器官中的汞浓度均低于野生海豹。当地波兰人的饮食中鱼类所占比例相对较小，而且他们更喜欢食用鲱鱼，这导致他们头发中的汞浓度较低。与解毒和消除汞有关的保护机制在海豹身上比在企鹅身上更有效，尽管前者每天消耗的食物大约是企鹅的10倍。
Mercury (Hg), aside from having high toxicity, is characterized by its ability to biomagnify in the marine trophic chain. This is an important problem especially in estuaries, or in the coastal zone, particularly near the mouths of large rivers. This study was conducted in the years 2001–2011, in the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea near to the mouth of the River Vistula, which is the second biggest river discharging into the Baltic. Mercury concentration was measured in the tissues and organs of cod, flounder, herring, seals (living in the wild and in captivity), great black-backed gulls, and African penguins from Gdańsk Zoo, and also in human hair. Penguins and seals at the seal sanctuary in Hel were fed only herring. In marine birds and mammals and in the pelagic herring, the highest Hg concentration was observed in the kidney and in the liver, while in cod and flounder (located on a higher trophic level) the muscles were the most contaminated with mercury. In gray seals living in the seal sanctuary, Hg concentration in all analyzed tissues and organs except the kidneys was lower in comparison with seals living in the wild. The comparatively small share of fish in the diet of local Polish people and their preference towards the consumption of herring contributed to low concentration of Hg in their hair. The protective mechanisms related to detoxification and elimination of mercury were shown to be more effective in the seals than in the penguins, despite the former consuming around 10 times more food per day.