A pan-cancer study of spalt-like transcription factors 1/2/3/4 as therapeutic targets
A pan-cancer study of spalt-like transcription factors 1/2/3/4 as therapeutic targets
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DOI：
10.1016/j.abb.2021.109016
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发表时间：
2021-08-19
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Xi, Yang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ma, Ting;Shi, Shanping;Xi, Yang
Spalt-like transcriptionfactors（SALLs）是一种进化上保守的蛋白质，参与胚胎发育。萨尔家族的四个成员，SALL 1、SALL 2、SALL 3和SALL 4，参与肿瘤的细胞凋亡、血管生成、侵袭和转移。我们使用TCGA泛癌症数据对萨尔基因进行全面分析。在各种癌症中观察到这些基因表达的高度异质性，SALL 1和SALL 2下调，而SALL 4上调。此外，我们证实了SALL 4通常与生存劣势相关，而其他与更好的预后相关。在肾癌中，SALL 1、SALL 2和SALL 3表现出下调，表明它们起肿瘤抑制剂的作用。此外，SALL与免疫浸润亚型相关，不同程度的基质细胞和免疫细胞浸润之间存在密切联系。不同肿瘤的DNA和RNA分析表明与肿瘤干细胞样特征有不同程度的负相关或正相关。最后，我们揭示了SALL与癌细胞耐药性有关。我们的研究结果强调了进一步研究每个萨尔基因在特定类型癌症中作为单独实体的必要性。虽然这篇文章表明SALL可能是癌症治疗的有希望的靶点，但需要进一步的研究来验证这一发现。
Spalt-like transcription factors (SALLs) are evolutionarily conserved proteins that participate in embryonic development. Four members of the SALL family, SALL1, SALL2, SALL3, and SALL4, are involved in cellular apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis of tumors. We used the TCGA pan-cancer data to conduct a comprehensive analysis of SALL genes. High heterogeneity in the expression of these genes was observed across various cancers, SALL1 and SALL2 were downregulated, whereas SALL4 was upregulated. Moreover, we verified that SALL4 was commonly associated with survival disadvantage, whereas others were linked to a better prognosis. In renal cancer, SALL1, SALL2, and SALL3 showed downregulation, suggesting that they acted as tumor suppressors. Furthermore, SALLs were associated with immune infiltrate subtypes, with a close association between different degrees of infiltration of stromal cells and immune cells. DNA and RNA analyses in different tumors suggested different degrees of negative or positive correlation with tumor stem cell-like features. Finally, we revealed that SALLs were related to cancer cell resistance. Our results highlight the necessity to further study each SALL gene as a separate entity in specific types of cancer. Although this article showed that SALLs could be promising targets for cancer therapy, it needs further studies to validate the findings.