Neurobiology of the sleep-wake cycle: Sleep architecture, circadian regulation, and regulatory feedback
Neurobiology of the sleep-wake cycle: Sleep architecture, circadian regulation, and regulatory feedback
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DOI：
10.1177/0748730406294627
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发表时间：
2006-12-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Saper, Clifford B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fuller, Patrick M.;Gooley, Joshua J.;Saper, Clifford B.
这篇迷你评论文章介绍了过去十年来在我们对调节睡眠-觉醒状态和昼夜节律控制行为的神经回路的理解方面取得的显著进展。在简要介绍了睡眠结构和生理学之后，作者描述了调节睡眠和皮质唤醒的神经回路和神经递质（即，wakefulness）。接下来，他们研究了睡眠和觉醒是如何通过睡眠和唤醒促进电路之间的相互抑制来调节的，以及这种相互作用如何类似于电子“触发器”开关来确保行为状态的稳定性。然后，作者讨论了昼夜节律和稳态过程在巩固睡眠中的作用，包括稳态睡眠驱动的生理基础（即，睡眠倾向的觉醒依赖性增加）以及SCN在睡眠-觉醒周期的昼夜节律调节中的作用。最后，他们描述了下丘脑电路的光和非光环境时间线索的整合，以及这种整合如何使生物体能够塑造最佳适应的休息-活动和睡眠-觉醒周期模式。
This mini-review article presents the remarkable progress that has been made in the past decade in our understanding of the neural circuitry underlying the regulation of sleep-wake states and circadian control of behaviors. Following a brief introduction to sleep architecture and physiology, the authors describe the neural circuitry and neurotransmitters that regulate sleep and cortical arousal (i.e., wakefulness). They next examine how sleep and wakefulness are regulated by mutual inhibition between sleep- and arousal-promoting circuitry and how this interaction functions analogously to an electronic "flip-flop" switch that ensures behavioral state stability. The authors then discuss the role of circadian and homeostatic processes in the consolidation of sleep, including the physiologic basis of homeostatic sleep drive (i.e., wake-dependent increase in sleep propensity) and the role of the SCN in the circadian regulation of sleep-wake cycles. Finally, they describe the hypothalamic circuitry for the integration of photic and nonphotic environmental time cues and how this integration allows organisms to sculpt patterns of rest-activity and sleep-wake cycles that are optimally adaptive.