SUMMATION IN THE CHIMPANZEE (PAN TROGLODYTES)
SUMMATION IN THE CHIMPANZEE (PAN TROGLODYTES)
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DOI：
10.1037/0097-7403.13.2.107
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发表时间：
1987-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
HEGEL, MT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
RUMBAUGH, DM;SAVAGERUMBAUGH, S;HEGEL, MT
在这项研究中，我们询问了2只黑猩猩（P. troglodytes）是否能够可靠地对成对的数量进行求和，以选择更大的总数。受试者可以在两盘巧克力中选择。每个托盘包含两个食物威尔斯。为了选择包含更多数量巧克力的托盘，有必要将每个托盘上的食物威尔斯的内容相加。在实验中，食物威尔斯从0到4个巧克力，黑猩猩选择的总和威尔斯在90%以上的试验值较大。在最后的实验中，分配给食物井的巧克力的最大数量增加到5个。选择含有较大总和的托盘仍然保持在90%以上。在所有实验中，受试者都可靠地选择了较大的总和，即使在许多试验中，“不正确”托盘上的食品井比“正确”托盘上的任何一个单独的井都能容纳更多的巧克力。结论是，这些黑猩猩没有任何已知的计数能力，使用某种求和过程来联合收割机组合空间上分离的量。关于求和基础的推测包括对量的绝对融合和次化的考虑。
In this research, we asked whether 2 chimpanzee (P. troglodytes) subjects could reliably sum across pairs of quantities to select the greater total. Subjects were allowed to choose between two trays of chocolates. Each tray contained two food wells. To select the tray containing the greater number of chocolates, it was necessary to sum the contents of the food wells on each tray. In experiments where food wells contained from zero to four chocolates, the chimpanzess chose the greater value of the summed wells on more than 90% of the trials. In the final experiment, the maximum number of chocolates assigned to a food well was increased to five. Choice of the tray containing the greater sum still remained above 90%. In all experiments, subjects reliably chose the greater sum, even though on many trials a food well on the "incorrect" tray held more chocolates than either single well on the "correct" tray. It was concluded that without any known ability to count, these chimpanzees used some process of summation to combine spatially separated quantities. Speculation regarding the basis for summation includes consideration of perceputal fusion of quantities and subitization.