Imaging of dynamic actin remodeling reveals distinct behaviors of head and trunk mesoderm in gastrulating Xenopus laevis.
Imaging of dynamic actin remodeling reveals distinct behaviors of head and trunk mesoderm in gastrulating Xenopus laevis.
复制标题
DOI：
10.17912/micropub.biology.000483
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Chang C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Komatsu V;Doddihal V;Chang C
原肠胚形成涉及细胞的协调运动，促进中胚层和内胚层的内化以及整个胚层组织的适当图案化。在非洲爪蟾，头部中胚层集体迁移沿着囊胚腔屋顶纤连蛋白网络向动物极。与此同时，躯干中胚层细胞在会聚增厚和会聚伸展运动中相互迁移，延长体轴。这些区域中的细胞的行为主要在取自相应头部或躯干中胚层区域的组织外植体中进行研究。没有详细描述细胞在这些区域之间的过渡区的行为。为了了解这个交界处周围的细胞行为，我们在包含头部和躯干中胚层的外植体中成像细胞运动。我们观察到，头部中胚层迁移纤连蛋白采用板状突起的前沿和动态肌动蛋白重塑的尾随细胞。躯干中胚层细胞经中、外侧细胞伸长和嵌入形成脊索。脊索的外侧缘先于前缘。我们的电影揭示了不同的中胚层细胞的行为同时发生在不同地区的原肠胚。这项研究强调了应用现代显微镜工具重新审视经典实验的力量，从而更好地了解塑造胚胎的细胞动力学。
Gastrulation involves coordinated movements of cells, facilitating mesoderm and endoderm internalization and proper patterning of tissues across the germ layers. In Xenopus laevis, head mesoderm migrates collectively along the blastocoel roof fibronectin network towards the animal pole. Meanwhile, the trunk mesodermal cells migrate over each other in convergent thickening and convergent extension movements elongating the body axis. The behaviors of cells in these regions are investigated mainly in tissue explants taken from the respective head or trunk mesodermal regions. How cells behave at the transitional zone between these territories is not described in detail. To learn about cell behaviors around this junction, we imaged cell movements in an explant that encompassed the head and trunk mesoderm. We observed that head mesoderm migration on fibronectin employed lamellipodial protrusions at the leading edge and dynamic actin remodeling in the trailing cells. Trunk mesodermal cells underwent mediolateral cell elongation and intercalation to form the notochord. Lateral edges of the notochord were defined before the anterior edge. Our movie reveals distinct mesodermal cell behaviors occurring simultaneously in different regions of gastrulating embryos. This study highlights the power of applying modern microscopy tools to revisit classical experiments, permitting a greater understanding of the cellular dynamics that shape the embryo.