Youth risk behavior surveillance--United States, 2013.-猫眼课题宝

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2014-06

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L. Kann;S. Kinchen;S. Shanklin;K. Flint;Joseph Kawkins;W. Harris;R. Lowry;E. Olsen;Tim Mcmanus;David Chyen;L. Whittle;Eboni M. Taylor;Z. Demissie;N. Brener;Jemekia E. Thornton;John R. Moore;S. Zaza

优先健康风险行为是青年和成年人发病和死亡的主要原因。在国家、州和地方各级，基于人口的这些行为的数据可以帮助监测旨在保护和促进全国青年健康的公共卫生干预措施的有效性。报告期涵盖2012年9月至2013年12月。青年危险行为监测系统监测青年和青年人中的六类优先健康危险行为：1）造成意外伤害和暴力的行为; 2）吸烟; 3）酗酒和其他毒品使用; 4）导致意外怀孕和性传播感染（STI）的性行为，包括人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染; 5）不健康的饮食行为;和6）缺乏运动。此外，YRBSS还监测肥胖症和哮喘的流行情况。YRBSS包括由CDC进行的全国性以学校为基础的青年危险行为调查（YRBS）以及由州和地方教育和卫生机构进行的州和大城市学区以学校为基础的YRBS。该报告总结了2013年全国调查，42个州调查和21个大型城市学区调查中对9-12年级学生进行的104种健康风险行为以及肥胖，超重和哮喘的结果。结果2013年全国YRBS的结果表明，许多高中生从事与美国10-24岁人群主要死亡原因相关的优先健康风险行为。在调查前30天内，在调查前30天内驾驶汽车或其他车辆的64.7%的全国高中生中，41.4%在驾驶时发短信或电子邮件，34.9%饮酒，23.4%吸食大麻。在调查前的12个月里，14.8%的人曾被电子欺凌，19.6%的人曾在学校被欺凌，8.0%的人曾试图自杀。全国许多高中生从事危险的性行为，导致意外怀孕和性传播感染，包括艾滋病毒感染。近半数（46.8%）的学生有过性行为，34.0%的学生在调查前3个月内有过性行为（即，目前性生活活跃），15.0%的人一生中与四个或四个以上的人发生过性关系。在目前性活跃的学生中，59.1%的人在最近一次性交时使用了安全套。2013年全国YRBS的结果还表明，许多高中生从事与慢性疾病相关的行为，如心血管疾病，癌症和糖尿病。在调查前的30天内，15.7%的高中生吸烟，8.8%的高中生使用无烟烟草。调查前7天内，5.0%的高中生没有吃过水果或喝过100%果汁，6.6%的高中生没有吃过蔬菜。超过三分之一（41.3%）的人在平均上学日每天玩视频或电脑游戏或使用电脑做非学校工作的事情3小时或以上。许多高中生从事的行为，使他们处于危险的主要原因的发病率和死亡率。大多数健康风险行为的患病率因性别、种族/民族和年级以及各州和大城市学区而异。也发生了长期的时间变化。自数据收集的最早一年以来，大多数健康风险行为的流行率已经下降（例如，身体打斗、当前吸烟和当前性活动），但其他健康风险行为的流行率没有改变（例如，由医生或护士治疗的自杀企图，曾经使用过大麻，在最后一次性交前饮酒或使用过药物）或增加（例如，由于安全问题和肥胖和超重而没有上学）。公共卫生行动YRBSS数据被广泛用于比较学生亚群中健康风险行为的流行率;评估健康风险行为随时间的趋势;监测实现2020年健康人群的20个国家健康目标和26个主要健康指标之一的进展;提供可比较的州和大型城市学区数据;并帮助制定和评估学校和社区的政策，计划和实践，旨在减少健康风险行为和改善青年的健康结果。

PROBLEM Priority health-risk behaviors contribute to the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among youth and adults. Population-based data on these behaviors at the national, state, and local levels can help monitor the effectiveness of public health interventions designed to protect and promote the health of youth nationwide. REPORTING PERIOD COVERED September 2012-December 2013. DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health-risk behaviors among youth and young adults: 1) behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries and violence; 2) tobacco use; 3) alcohol and other drug use; 4) sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; 5) unhealthy dietary behaviors; and 6) physical inactivity. In addition, YRBSS monitors the prevalence of obesity and asthma. YRBSS includes a national school-based Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) conducted by CDC and state and large urban school district school-based YRBSs conducted by state and local education and health agencies. This report summarizes results for 104 health-risk behaviors plus obesity, overweight, and asthma from the 2013 national survey, 42 state surveys, and 21 large urban school district surveys conducted among students in grades 9-12. RESULTS Results from the 2013 national YRBS indicated that many high school students are engaged in priority health-risk behaviors associated with the leading causes of death among persons aged 10-24 years in the United States. During the 30 days before the survey, 41.4% of high school students nationwide among the 64.7% who drove a car or other vehicle during the 30 days before the survey had texted or e-mailed while driving, 34.9% had drunk alcohol, and 23.4% had used marijuana. During the 12 months before the survey, 14.8% had been electronically bullied, 19.6% had been bullied on school property, and 8.0% had attempted suicide. Many high school students nationwide are engaged in sexual risk behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancies and STIs, including HIV infection. Nearly half (46.8%) of students had ever had sexual intercourse, 34.0% had had sexual intercourse during the 3 months before the survey (i.e., currently sexually active), and 15.0% had had sexual intercourse with four or more persons during their life. Among currently sexually active students, 59.1% had used a condom during their last sexual intercourse. Results from the 2013 national YRBS also indicate many high school students are engaged in behaviors associated with chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes. During the 30 days before the survey, 15.7% of high school students had smoked cigarettes and 8.8% had used smokeless tobacco. During the 7 days before the survey, 5.0% of high school students had not eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices and 6.6% had not eaten vegetables. More than one-third (41.3%) had played video or computer games or used a computer for something that was not school work for 3 or more hours per day on an average school day. INTERPRETATION Many high school students engage in behaviors that place them at risk for the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of most health-risk behaviors varies by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade and across states and large urban school districts. Long term temporal changes also have occurred. Since the earliest year of data collection, the prevalence of most health-risk behaviors has decreased (e.g., physical fighting, current cigarette use, and current sexual activity), but the prevalence of other health-risk behaviors has not changed (e.g., suicide attempts treated by a doctor or nurse, having ever used marijuana, and having drunk alcohol or used drugs before last sexual intercourse) or has increased (e.g., having not gone to school because of safety concern and obesity and overweight). PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION YRBSS data are used widely to compare the prevalence of health-risk behaviors among subpopulations of students; assess trends in health-risk behaviors over time; monitor progress toward achieving 20 national health objectives for Healthy People 2020 and one of the 26 leading health indicators; provide comparable state and large urban school district data; and help develop and evaluate school and community policies, programs, and practices designed to decrease health-risk behaviors and improve health outcomes among youth.

Youth risk behavior surveillance--United States, 2013.

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