The "Big Survey": Decolonisation, Development and the First Wave of NGO Expansion in Africa After 1945
The "Big Survey": Decolonisation, Development and the First Wave of NGO Expansion in Africa After 1945
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“大调查”：1945年后非殖民化、发展和非洲第一波非政府组织扩张
DOI：
10.1080/07075332.2021.1976810
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cullen P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cullen P
本文对第二次世界大战后非洲各地的非政府组织活动以及非国家行为者在非殖民化过程中所发挥的重要但被忽视的作用提供了新的认识。此处首次分析了国际志愿机构理事会的《非洲非政府组织汇编》（1968），它对非政府组织扩张的“第一波”作为二十世纪国际关系史的一个重要方面提供了前所未有的见解。我们将 ICVA 的《Repertory》置于一系列质疑发展政策和实践的“大调查”中。然后我们研究非殖民化与非政府组织扩张和演变之间的联系。非殖民化是一种全球现象，涉及众多致力于塑造后殖民世界的非国家行为者。 《汇编》为以下观点提供了更强有力的基础：前殖民国家希望与前殖民地保持密切联系，而殖民联系是通过非政府组织活动复制的。然而，全球历史不仅仅是帝国的问题。我们进一步揭示，到了 20 世纪 60 年代后期，殖民主义开辟的领土道路如何被来自非洲没有帝国主义历史的国家的国际非政府组织扰乱，以及本土非政府组织不断扩大的足迹如何为非洲人提供了在发展议程上行使代理权并在“第二波非殖民化”中收回其自身治理的重要方面的手段。
This article sheds new light on NGO activity across Africa after the Second World War and the vital yet overlooked role played by non-state actors in the process of decolonisation. The International Council of Voluntary Agencies’ ‘Repertory of Africa’s NGOs’ (1968), analysed here for the first time, yields unprecedented insights into the ‘first wave’ of NGO expansion as an important aspect of the history of twentieth century international relations. We situate ICVA’s Repertory in the spate of ‘Big Surveys’ which questioned development policy and practice. We then examine the link between decolonisation and NGO expansion and evolution. Decolonisation was a global phenomenon, involving a wide array of non-state actors intent upon shaping the post-colonial world. The Repertory provides a stronger basis for the view that ex-colonial powers expected to retain close links with former colonies and colonial connections were replicated through NGO activities. Global history is not only a matter of empire, however. We further reveal how, already by the later 1960s, territorial pathways forged by colonialism were disrupted by international NGOs from countries with no history of imperialism in Africa, and how an expanding footprint of indigenous NGOs gave Africans the means to assert agency over development agendas and take back vital aspects of their own governance amidst ‘second wave decolonisation’.