Proving UNSAT in Zero Knowledge
Proving UNSAT in Zero Knowledge
复制标题
零知识证明 UNSAT
DOI:
10.1145/3548606.3559373
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Wang, Xiao
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Luo, Ning;Antonopoulos, Timos;Harris, William R.;Piskac, Ruzica;Tromer, Eran;Wang, Xiao
Zero-knowledge (ZK) protocols enable one party to prove to others that it knows a fact without revealing any information about the evidence for such knowledge. There exist ZK protocols for all problems in NP, and recent works developed highly efficient protocols for proving knowledge of satisfying assignments to Boolean formulas, circuits and other NP formalisms. This work shows an efficient protocol for the converse: proving formula unsatisfiability in ZK (when the prover posses a non-ZK proof). An immediate practical application is efficiently proving safety of secret programs.The key insight is to prove, in ZK, the validity of resolution proofs of unsatisfiability. This is efficiently realized using an algebraic representation that exploits resolution proofs' structure to represent formula clauses as low-degree polynomials, combined with ZK random-access arguments. Only the proof's dimensions are revealed.We implemented our protocol and used it to prove unsatisfiability of formulas that encode combinatoric problems and program correctness conditions in standard verification benchmarks, including Linux kernel drivers and Intel cryptography modules. The results demonstrate both that our protocol has practical utility, and that its aggressive optimizations, based on non-trivial encodings, significantly improve practical performance.
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DOI:
10.1007/978-3-030-03326-2_20
发表时间:
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期刊:
Proceedings of the 2020 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security
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期刊:
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DOI:
10.1109/sp40001.2021.00089
发表时间:
2021-05
期刊:
2021 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP)
影响因子:
--
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David Heath;Yibin Yang;David Devecsery;V. Kolesnikov
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