Only humans have human placentas: molecular differences between mice and humans
Only humans have human placentas: molecular differences between mice and humans
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jri.2015.03.001
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发表时间：
2015-04-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Markert, Udo R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Schmidt, Andre;Morales-Prieto, Diana M.;Markert, Udo R.
胎盘是动物物种中进化多样性最高的器官之一。因此，不存在一种能准确反映人类胎盘形成的动物模型。然而，小鼠是胎盘和妊娠研究中最常用的动物模型。它有一个血绒膜胎盘，这是类似的，但也不同于人类胎盘。最近，在欧洲生殖免疫学会第11届大会（匈牙利布达佩斯）上，就人类妊娠的相似性是否足以取得有用结果的问题进行了辩论。在这里，我们讨论了人类胎盘的分子特征，这些特征仅限于灵长类动物甚至人类。许多灵长类特有的基因新奇，例如，19号染色体上的大microRNA簇在过去的10-15年中被检测到，并且在早期的讨论中无法提及。现在，根据最近的发现和对物种间差异的更好理解，我们得出结论，小鼠模型往往被高估了。由于人类胎盘形成中已知的人类特异性因素越来越多，我们认为人类胎盘形成的许多方面只能在人类细胞和组织实验的基础上结合人类受试者研究的数据收集来理解。(C)2015爱思唯尔爱尔兰有限公司版权所有。
The placenta is one of the organs with the highest evolutionary diversity among animal species. In consequence, an animal model that reflects human placentation exactly does not exist. However, the mouse is the most frequently used animal model for placenta and pregnancy research. It possesses a hemochorial placenta, which is similar, but also different from the human placenta. The question whether the similarities are sufficient for the achievement of useful results with regard to human pregnancy was debated recently at the 11th Congress of the European Society for Reproductive Immunology (Budapest, Hungary). Here, we discuss the molecular features of the human placenta that are restricted to primates or even to humans. Many of the primate-specific genetic novelties, e.g., the large microRNA cluster on chromosome 19, have been detected during the last 10-15 years and could not be referred to in earlier discussions. Now, in the light of recent findings and a better understanding of interspecies differences, we conclude that the mouse model is often overvalued. Owing to the increasing number of known human-specific factors in human placentation we consider that many aspects of human placentation can only be understood on the basis of experiments on human cells and tissues in combination with data collections from human subject studies. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.