Evaluation of Ash Tree Symptoms Associated with Emerald Ash Borer Infestation in Urban Forests
Evaluation of Ash Tree Symptoms Associated with Emerald Ash Borer Infestation in Urban Forests
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城市森林中与白蜡虫侵染相关的白蜡树症状评估
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Patrick C. Tobin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Persad;Patrick C. Tobin
。2002年，祖母绿灰螟虫（EAB）首次在北美的密歇根州被发现，并继续扩大其分布范围。早期发现EAB仍然是实施主动管理策略的一个主要警告。过去的报告表明，感染了EAB的白蜡树发生树枝断裂和其他与树木衰退相关症状的风险增加。因此，如果能够在EAB感染的可见迹象之前识别出一套三种症状，则可以改善早期检测工作。研究人员在美国俄亥俄州（2009-2012）开展了一项为期四年的研究，以调查和记录城市地区与eab -白蜡树复合物相关的症状。研究地点的EAB病史包括从没有明显侵染证据的白蜡树到侵染超过两年的白蜡树。在最近被EAB殖民的树木中，可见的侵染迹象，如成虫羽化洞、EAB通道的存在、树皮的丧失和树冠的丧失并不总是明显的。然而，在eab阳性的树木中，支架树枝、上层树冠内的树枝断裂以及靠近与茎的结合处的树枝断裂的趋势明显，而不是在树枝尖端或树枝的重心处。这项研究强调了当寄主树仍然明显健康时，与EAB初始定植相关的树木症状，这可以极大地促进未来EAB的检测工作。
. The emerald ash borer (EAB), first discovered in North America in Michigan in 2002, continues to expand its distributional range. Early detection of EAB remains a major caveat in efforts to implement proactive management strategies. Past reports have shown that ash trees infested with EAB have an increased risk of branch failure and other symptoms associated with tree decline. Therefore, early detection efforts could be improved if a suite of tree symptoms—prior to visible signs of EAB infes-tation—can be identified. Researchers initiated a four-year study in Ohio, U.S. (2009–2012) to investigate and document symptoms associated with the EAB–ash tree complex in urban sites. The prior history of EAB at the study sites ranged from ash trees with no visible evidence of infestation to those that were infested for more than two years. In trees shown to be recently colonized by EAB, visible signs of infestation, such as adult emergence holes, presence of EAB galleries, bark loss, and canopy loss were not always apparent. However, in EAB-positive trees, there was a significant tendency for the presence of cracks in scaffold branches, branch fractures within the upper canopy, and branch fractures specifically located closer to the union with the stem as opposed to at the branch tip or at the branch’s center of gravity. This study highlights tree symptoms associated with the initial colonization of EAB when host trees are still apparently healthy, which could greatly facilitate future detection efforts for EAB.