Animal models and therapeutic molecular targets of cancer: utility and limitations.
Animal models and therapeutic molecular targets of cancer: utility and limitations.
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DOI：
10.2147/dddt.s49584
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rathore K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cekanova M;Rathore K
癌症是用来描述100多种疾病的术语，这些疾病有几个共同的特征。尽管有预防、早期发现和新的治疗方法，癌症仍然是美国第二大死亡原因。将癌症的基础科学发现成功地转化为对患者的治疗干预取决于选择合适的动物实验模型。癌症研究使用体外动物和人类癌细胞系来研究这些癌细胞的生化途径。本文综述了重要的肿瘤动物模型，重点介绍了它们的优点和局限性。小鼠癌症模型是众所周知的，并且经常用于癌症研究。啮齿类动物模型已经彻底改变了我们在体内研究基因和蛋白质功能的能力，并更好地了解它们的分子途径和机制。异种移植和化学或基因诱导的小鼠癌症是最常用的啮齿动物癌症模型。患有自发性肿瘤的伴侣动物仍然是一个未被充分利用的工具，通过在体外和体内小鼠模型中测试新的药物和递送系统，在人类和动物癌症治疗方面取得快速进展。伴侣动物的癌症发病率相对较高，其生物学行为、对治疗的反应以及对细胞毒性药物的反应与人类相似。较短的总体寿命和更快的疾病进展是伴侣动物模型优势的因素。此外，目前的重点是发现新的治疗药物的分子靶点，以提高癌症患者的生存和生活质量。
Cancer is the term used to describe over 100 diseases that share several common hallmarks. Despite prevention, early detection, and novel therapies, cancer is still the second leading cause of death in the USA. Successful bench-to-bedside translation of basic scientific findings about cancer into therapeutic interventions for patients depends on the selection of appropriate animal experimental models. Cancer research uses animal and human cancer cell lines in vitro to study biochemical pathways in these cancer cells. In this review, we summarize the important animal models of cancer with focus on their advantages and limitations. Mouse cancer models are well known, and are frequently used for cancer research. Rodent models have revolutionized our ability to study gene and protein functions in vivo and to better understand their molecular pathways and mechanisms. Xenograft and chemically or genetically induced mouse cancers are the most commonly used rodent cancer models. Companion animals with spontaneous neoplasms are still an underexploited tool for making rapid advances in human and veterinary cancer therapies by testing new drugs and delivery systems that have shown promise in vitro and in vivo in mouse models. Companion animals have a relatively high incidence of cancers, with biological behavior, response to therapy, and response to cytotoxic agents similar to those in humans. Shorter overall lifespan and more rapid disease progression are factors contributing to the advantages of a companion animal model. In addition, the current focus is on discovering molecular targets for new therapeutic drugs to improve survival and quality of life in cancer patients.