Developing Safety Cultures for Industry 4.0. New Challenges for Professional Communication
Developing Safety Cultures for Industry 4.0. New Challenges for Professional Communication
复制标题
发展工业 4.0 的安全文化。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Jakobs
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Claas Digmayer;E. Jakobs
工业4.0是未来工业数字化的概念。这种转变不仅会彻底改变工作的进行方式，还会带来迄今为止难以预测的新型风险（Jaradat et al. 2017, Pye 2014）。员工在工业4.0中角色的变化受到了相当大的关注——人们认为，只有受影响的人参与进来，向工业4.0的转型过程才会成功。然而，目前的转型方法主要集中在技术和组织方面（Schuh et al. 2014）。对于专业传播者来说，一个广阔的新领域是为工业4.0开发以员工为中心的方法（例如，企业安全文化4.0）。本文介绍了一个研究项目的研究，该项目旨在开发一种转型方法，以建立一种预防性和参与性获得的安全文化概念，作为在中小企业（SME）实施工业4.0的决定性成功因素。办法是发展影响行为的交流和参与手段，使中小企业能够在诸如价值结构、安全意识或非正式行为等方面开始改变企业文化。本研究从专业沟通的角度探讨中小企业安全文化4.0的要求。本研究采用了多种方法：参与式观察、文献分析、对员工和领域专家的访谈。该方法解决了三个研究问题：•哪些障碍阻碍了向安全文化4.0转型的方法？•在向安全文化4.0转型的过程中，需要考虑哪些要求？研究结果表明，向工业4.0的过渡与人们对安全的理解变化密切相关：数字化的发展扩大了人们熟悉的安全工作问题的范围，导致了传统的职业安全和健康保护理解之外的新问题。研究中确定的障碍包括对被数字技术迫害的恐惧，数字技术本应提高安全性，缺乏安全标准化，以及数字化过程带来的模糊威胁。这些问题需要精心设计的方法，通过考虑广泛的需求来建立安全文化，例如，对安全的共同理解的需要，沿流程链（水平信息流）以及管理层和员工之间（垂直信息流）的高水平信息，防止错误的技术支持，以及员工“生活”的安全文化概念。结果表明，最重要的要求是员工在安全相关的公司决策中有发言权的可能性（赋予员工权力）。
Industry 4.0 is the concept for the industrial digitalization of the future. This transformation will not only revolutionize the way in which work is carried but also entail new types of risks that are to date difficult to predict (Jaradat et al. 2017, Pye 2014). The changing role of the employee in Industry 4.0 has received considerable attention – it is assumed that the transformation process towards Industry 4.0 will only succeed if the affected people are taken along. However, current transformation approaches focus mainly on technological and organizational aspects (Schuh et al. 2014). A broad new field for professional communicators is to develop employee-centered approaches for Industry 4.0 (e.g., corporate safety cultures 4.0). This paper presents a study from a research project which aims at developing a transformation approach for the establishment of a preventive and participatively acquired safety culture concept as a decisive success factor for the implementation of Industry 4.0 in small and medium enterprises (SME). The approach is to develop behavior-influencing means of communication and participation that allow SME to initiate a transformation of the corporate culture with regard to aspects such as value structures, perceived safety or informal behavior. In the study, requirements of a safety cultures 4.0 for SME were investigated from the viewpoint of professional communication. The study uses a multi-method approach: participatory observation, document analysis, and interviews with employees and domain experts. The approach addresses three research questions: • Which barriers hamper transformation approaches towards a safety culture 4.0? • Which requirements need to be considered in the development of transformation approaches towards a safety culture 4.0? The results indicate that the transition towards an Industry 4.0 goes hand in hand with a changing understanding of safety: The range of familiar issues of work safety is extended by the progressing digitalization leading to novel problems that go beyond the traditional understanding of occupational safety and health protection. Barriers identified in the study comprise the fear of being persecuted with digital technologies which are supposed to enhance safety, missing safety standardizations, and ambiguous threats which result from digitalization processes. Such issues require carefully designed approaches to establish safety cultures by considering a broad range of requirements, e.g., the need for a shared understanding of safety, a high level of information along process chains (horizontal information flows) as well as between management and employees (vertical information flows), technology support for error prevention, and concepts for safety cultures ‘lived’ by the employees. The results indicate that the most important requirement is the possibility for employees to have a say in safety-related company decisions (empowerment of employees).