Observation of non-Abelian exchange statistics on a superconducting processor
Observation of non-Abelian exchange statistics on a superconducting processor
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2022
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粒子的不变性是量子力学的基本原理。对于迄今为止观测到的所有基本粒子和准粒子，包括费米子、玻色子和阿贝尔任意子，这一原理保证了全同粒子的编织使系统保持不变。然而，在二维空间中，存在一种有趣的可能性：非阿贝尔任意子的编织导致拓扑简并波函数空间的旋转。因此，它可以改变系统的可观性，而不违反不可测性原则。尽管非阿贝尔任意子的数学描述已经发展得很好，理论上也有很多建议，但几十年来，它们的实验观测仍然是难以捉摸的。使用超导量子处理器，我们准备的表面代码的基态和操纵它通过酉操作，以形成波函数所描述的非阿贝尔任意子。通过实现一个酉协议来移动任意子，我们实验验证了非阿贝尔Ising任意子的融合规则，并编织它们来实现它们的统计。在此基础上，我们研究了任意子用于量子计算的前景，并利用编结产生编码三个逻辑量子比特的任意子纠缠态。我们的工作代表了拓扑量子计算的关键一步。
Indistinguishability of particles is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics. For all elementary and quasiparticles observed to date including fermions, bosons, and Abelian anyons this principle guarantees that the braiding of identical particles leaves the system unchanged. However, in two spatial dimensions, an intriguing possibility exists: braiding of non-Abelian anyons causes rotations in a space of topologically degenerate wavefunctions. Hence, it can change the observables of the system without violating the principle of indistinguishability. Despite the well developed mathematical description of non-Abelian anyons and numerous theoretical proposals, their experimental observation has remained elusive for decades. Using a superconducting quantum processor, we prepare the ground state of the surface code and manipulate it via unitary operations to form wavefunctions that are described by non-Abelian anyons. By implementing a unitary protocol to move the anyons, we experimentally verify the fusion rules of non-Abelian Ising anyons and braid them to realize their statistics. Building on our technique, we study the prospect of employing the anyons for quantum computation and utilize braiding to create an entangled state of anyons encoding three logical qubits. Our work represents a key step towards topological quantum computing.