Increased Delay Discounting on a Novel Real-Time Task among Girls, but not Boys, with ADHD.
Increased Delay Discounting on a Novel Real-Time Task among Girls, but not Boys, with ADHD.
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DOI：
10.1017/s1355617715001071
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发表时间：
2016-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mostofsky SH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rosch KS;Mostofsky SH
本研究的目的是检查患有 ADHD 混合型 (ADHD-C) 的女孩和男孩相对于正常发育 (TD) 儿童在两项任务上的延迟折扣，这两项任务的参与者所经历的奖励和延迟的程度不同。患有 ADHD-C 的 8-12 岁儿童（n = 65；19 名女孩）和 TD 对照儿童（n = 55；15 名女孩）完成了两项延迟折扣任务，涉及在较小的、即时的和较大的、延迟的奖励之间进行一系列选择。经典的延迟贴现任务涉及延迟 1-90 天的金钱选择，并且只有部分结果被参与者实际体验到。新颖的实时折扣任务涉及延迟 25-100 秒立即消费奖励（玩首选游戏）的选择，所有这些都是参与者实际经历过的。参与者还对他们喜欢玩游戏和等待玩的程度进行了主观评分。在实时折扣任务中，与患有 ADHD-C 的男孩和 TD 女孩和男孩相比，患有 ADHD-C 的女孩表现出更大的延迟折扣。在经典贴现任务中，诊断组差异并不明显。此外，与 TD 儿童相比，患有 ADHD-C 的儿童更愿意玩游戏，但不喜欢等待玩游戏。这一新颖的演示表明，患有 ADHD-C 的女孩在折扣任务中存在更大的延迟折扣，其中奖励可以立即消耗，并且延迟是实时体验的，这让我们了解了 ADHD 儿童的性别差异和动机过程。
The aim of this study was to examine delay discounting in girls and boys with ADHD-Combined type (ADHD-C) relative to typically developing (TD) children on two tasks that differ in the extent to which the rewards and delays were experienced by participants. Children ages 8–12 years with ADHD-C (n = 65; 19 girls) and TD controls (n = 55; 15 girls) completed two delay discounting tasks involving a series of choices between smaller, immediate and larger, delayed rewards. The classic delay discounting task involved choices about money at delays of 1–90 days and only some of the outcomes were actually experienced by the participants. The novel real-time discounting task involved choices about an immediately consumable reward (playing a preferred game) at delays of 25–100 s, all of which were actually experienced by participants. Participants also provided subjective ratings of how much they liked playing the game and waiting to play. Girls with ADHD-C displayed greater delay discounting compared to boys with ADHD-C and TD girls and boys on the real-time discounting task. Diagnostic group differences were not evident on the classic discounting task. In addition, children with ADHD-C reported wanting to play the game more and liking waiting to play the game less than TD children. This novel demonstration of greater delay discounting among girls with ADHD-C on a discounting task in which the rewards are immediately consumable and the delays are experienced in real-time informs our understanding of sex differences and motivational processes in children with ADHD.